background: at the present time, massage has become a popular therapy employed in complementary medicine. there is evidence showing that back massage might have many positive psychological effects, possibly due to having many autonomic nervous system afferent inputs. one of the frequent positions during massage is prone position. however, there has been limited research investigating the effect...

background and purpose: inserting a nasogastric tube, though a common clinical procedure with widespread use for critically ill patients, can produce unexpected complications so that tube misplacement into the lungs is a potential complication with serious consequences. the reliability of common bedside methods to differentiate between pulmonary and gastric placement has not been acceptable. th...