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Sensory circuits frequently integrate converging inputs while maintaining precise functional relationships between them. For example, in mammals with stereopsis, neurons at the first stages of binocular visual processing show a close alignment of receptive-field properties for each eye. Still, basic questions about the global wiring mechanisms that enable this functional alignment remain unansw...
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/2/36/36ra43.full.html can be found at: and other services, including high-resolution figures, A complete electronic version of this article http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2010/06/14/2.36.36ra43.DC1.html can be found in the online version of this article at: Supplementary Material http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/scitransmed/2/36/36ps30.full.html can b...
CD4+ T cells are important in adaptive immunity, but their dysregulation can cause autoimmunity. Here we demonstrate that the multifunctional adaptor protein b-arrestin 1 positively regulated naive and activated CD4+ T cell survival. We found enhanced expression of the proto-oncogene Bcl2 through b-arrestin 1–dependent regulation of acetylation of histone H4 at the Bcl2 promoter. Mice deficient...
Background-—Patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) constitute a high-risk group with increased mortality. b-Blocker therapy has been shown to reduce mortality, prevent arrhythmias, and delay heart failure development after an MI in broad populations. However, the effect of b-blockers in COPD patients is less well established and the...
Late phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP) in the hippocampus is believed to be the cellular basis of long-term memory. Protein synthesis is required for persistent forms of synaptic plasticity, including L-LTP. Neural activity is thought to enhance local protein synthesis in dendrites, and one of the mechanisms required to induce or maintain the long-lasting synaptic plasticity is protein trans...
The title compound, C(10)H(8)BrN, was obtained by slow addition of sodium azide to 8-bromo-1-naphthoic acid, followed by addition of aqueous ammonia. The crude product was crystallized from petroleum ether to give pink crystals. Compared to other 1,8-disubstituted naphthalene compounds, this compound exhibits less strain between the 1 and 8 substituents. Additionally, the NH protons form both i...
Although various databases have been established that are designed to compile an ever-growing list of protein phosphorylation sites in plants and animals, no such repository exists for viruses. Here, we developed the viral posttranslational modification (virPTM) database, which contains a comprehensive list of 329 accurately localized phosphorylation sites in proteins from 52 human viruses publ...
Neural stem cells that continue to produce neurons are retained in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus. The mechanisms by which embryonic neural progenitors expand and transform into postnatal neural stem cells, an essential process for the continual production of neurons throughout life, remain unknown. We found that radial astrocytes, the postnatal progenitors in the dentate gyrus, failed to ...
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) activates neutrophils via the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. However, the airways of individuals with cystic fibrosis are frequently colonized by bacterial pathogens, despite the presence of large numbers of neutrophils and IL-8. Here we show that IL-8 promotes bacterial killing by neutrophils through CXCR1 but not CXCR2. Unopposed proteolytic activity in the airways ...
Cotranslational targeting to the ER is pervasive and is principally determined by the location of the hydrophobic targeting sequence within the protein, rather than the mechanism of targeting or translocation. The position of this hydrophobic domain within the open reading frame determines the duration of time a targeted ribosome nascent-chain complex (RNC) can associate with the ER. Our data s...
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