Arbutin (Arb) and deoxyArbutin (dA) are both effective hypopigmentation agents. However, they are glucoside derivatives of hydroquinone (HQ), which may be decayed into HQ under higher energy environments. Therefore, safety and toxicity are very important issues when considering the usage of these compounds. However, no study has verified the properties of Ultra-Violet B (UVB)-irradiated Arb and...

A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) microbial fuel cell (MFC) with a non-woven paper fabric filter (NWF) was investigated as an alternative to a proton exchange membrane (PEM) separator. The MFC with a NWF generated a cell voltage of 545 mV and a maximum power density of 1027 mW/m(3), which was comparable to that obtained from MFCs with a PEM (551 mV, 609 mW/m(3)). The MFC with a NWF showed sta...

522 Ann Dermatol Received June 22, 2013, Revised July 16, 2013, Accepted for publication July 21, 2013 Corresponding author: Pei-Guang Wang, Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China. Tel: 86-551-6292-2235, Fax: 86-551-6516-1014, E-mail: wpg2370@ 163.com This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attri...

Scientific Paper) Sub-theme: Systems innovations and innovative governance structures Transparency in Food Supply Chains: Empirical Results from German Pig and Dairy Production Mark Deimel, Mechthild Frentrup and Ludwig Theuvsen Georg-August-University Goettingen Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development Platz der Goettinger Sieben 5 37073 Goettingen Germany Tel.: +49-(0)551-39...

Received August 8, 2012, Revised December 18, 2012, Accepted for publication February 12, 2013 *These authors contributed equally to this work. Corresponding author: Xue-Jun Zhang, Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. Tel: 86-551-5161002, Fax: 86-551-5161016, E-mail: ayzxj@vip.sina.com This is an Open Access article distributed un...

BACKGROUND Since December 2009, Médecins Sans Frontières has diagnosed and treated patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Tabarak Allah Hospital, eastern Gedaref State, one of the main endemic foci of VL in Sudan. A survey was conducted to estimate the VL incidence in villages around Tabarak Allah. METHODS Between the 5(th) of May and the 17(th) of June 2011, we conducted an exhaustive ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the craniofacial and occlusal characteristics of the inhabitants in China. The material consisted of cephalograms, pantomograms, dental casts and anthropological measurements taken from 517 inhabitants: 416 Han Chinese in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Changchun and 101 Mongolians in Hohhot. The data were compared among the above five regions and also...

Objective: The incidence and mortality rates for cutaneous melanoma (CM) have increased markedly in the last few years. As such, the aim of this study was to forecast their progression in Spain up until 2022. Design: A prospective epidemiological study using the Miamod technique. The primary data source was the mortality statistics released by the National Statistics Institute. Study selection:...

1 cAMP modulates intracellular Ca sensitivity of fast-releasing synaptic vesicles at 2 the calyx of Held synapse 3 4 Lijun Yao, Takeshi Sakaba 5 6 7 Independent junior research group of biophysics of synaptic transmission, Max Planck 8 Institute for Biophysical Chemistry 9 Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany 10 11 12 Running title: cAMP potentiates neurotransmitter release 13 14 15 Corres...

Title: Contribution of the premotor cortex to consolidation of 1 motor sequence learning in humans during sleep 2 Authors: Michael A. Nitsche 3 Michaela Jakoubkova 4 Nivethida Thirugnanasambandam1 5 Leonie Schmalfuss1 6 Sandra Hullemann 7 Karel Sonka 8 Walter Paulus 9 Claudia Trenkwalder 10 Svenja Happe 11 12 13 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (where the study was 14 carried out) 15 Geor...