Formic acid occurs in a variety of plants and fruits, mammalian tissues, and insect venoms. It is used industrially in preparing a variety of drugs, dyes, and chemicals; as a decalcifier; and in leather tanning. Formic acid also is an environmental contaminant of air and water and has been identified as the toxic intermediate (formate) in methanol poisoning. Two- and 13-week toxicity studies of...

AIM The present investigation was undertaken to study the impact of heat stress and hypercapnia on physiological, hematological, and behavioral profile of Tharparkar and Karan Fries (KF) heifers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals of both the breeds of Tharparkar and KF were exposed at different temperatures and CO2 levels. Exposure conditions of 25°C, 400 ppm CO2 level, and 60% relative humid...

the deposits of clinoptilolite (cli) in iran after activation with sodium chloride or sodium hydroxide solution was subjected to ion exchange with some heavy and toxic cations. the results showed that the absorption for ca2+ (7.5 ppm), cu2+ (50 ppm), zn2+ (40 ppm), cd2+ (40 ppm), pb2+ (500 ppm) and al3+ (5 ppm) were 95.2, 96.70, 93.30,99.12, 99.2 and 90.0 percents, respectively. the noteworth o...

Sex expression in cucumber is influenced by hormonal and environmental factors such as day length and temperature. Increasing female flowers that will develop to fruit is a trick for increasing yield, hence it’s importance. Likewise, it would help breeders through hybridizing process. Ethylene as a plant hormone is known to increase female flowers of most members of Cucurbitaceae family but as ...

Ten different contact, systemic and combination products of fungicides were evaluated for their effectiveness against black spot papaya Asperisporium caricae under in vitro condition by following poisoned food technique. Among tested, trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50% WG, propiconzole EC zineb 68% hexaconazole 4% WP successful completely (100%) inhibiting the growth A. at all concentration...

Exposure to drinking water containing as much as 500 ppm aluminum chloride for periods of 30, 60, and 90 days had no apparent effect on male reproductive processes. In an attempt to correlate enzyme activity with particular spermatogenic cell types, postnatal development of testicular enzymes was studied. Eight enzymes were selected: hyaluronidase (H), lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-X (LDH-X),...

—Formalin is currently the only aquaculture drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the control of fungi on the eggs of all finfish. The efficacy of formalin for disinfecting hybrid catfish (channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus 3 blue catfish I. furcatus) eggs was examined and compared with that of three other potential chemotherapeutants. Two experiments were conducted to eva...

Lead has been shown to exert toxic effects during early development. In these in vivo and ex vivo experiments, the effect of lead on the immune system of the developing embryo was assessed. Nine-week-old female Fischer 344 rats were exposed to lead acetate (0, 100, 250, and 500 ppm lead) in their drinking water during breeding and pregnancy (exposure was discontinued at parturition). Offspring ...

A combined dominant lethal-fertility study was conducted in which male and female Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats were exposed to 0, 30, 100 or 300 ppm of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) vapor for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks and then mated to untreated counterparts. Among males, fertility was completely suppressed after exposure to 300 ppm. A partial restoration of reproductive function...