the purpose of the present study was to evaluate anti-nociceptive effects of morphine, tramadol, meloxicam and their combinations in rats. seventy male wistar rats were divided into seven equal groups and randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal saline (s) (control group, 1.0 ml kg-1), morphine (mo) (4.0 mg kg-1), tramadol (tr) (12.5 mg kg-1), meloxicam (ml) (1.0 mg kg-1), tramadol- morphin...

Meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-Inflammatory drug has been registered in Pakistan as a safe substitute of diclofenac sodium which was banned for veterinary use, due to its relay toxicity associated with the catastrophic decline in vulture population of the Indian subcontinent. In Pakistan, Injection is the only dosage form registered for veterinary purposes whereas Boehringer Ingelheim are lice...

Using purified enzymes of human origin and patients' sera, we examined factors influencing the in vitro association of pyridoxal phosphate with aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1). The rate of association was markedly retarded by phosphate buffer in comparison with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane or six other buffers. Pyridoxal phosphate at an incubation concentration of 130 mumol/liter rea...

The objective was to compare the incidence of adverse reactions reported with three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with different cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 selectivity. All spontaneous adverse reaction notifications in the pharmacovigilance database of the World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring with aceclofenac, meloxicam, and rofecoxib that were re...

MELOXICAM is a NSAID classified as a derivative of enolic acid, licensed to treat acute and chronic musculoskeletal disorders in the dog. Meloxicam achieves maximal plasma concentration 4.5 hours after oral administration, has a low volume of distribution (0.3 l/kg), is highly plasma protein bound (97 per cent) and has an elimination half-life of 24 hours in dogs (EMA 2011). Steady state pharma...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate anti-nociceptive effects of morphine, tramadol, meloxicam and their combinations in rats. Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into seven equal groups and randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal saline (S) (control group, 1.0 mL kg-1), morphine (MO) (4.0 mg kg-1), tramadol (TR) (12.5 mg kg-1), meloxicam (ML)...