Reactions of 3-bromo-4-phenylisothiazole-5-carboxamide and 3-bromoisothiazole-5-carboxamide with NaNO2 (4 equiv.), in TFA, at ca. 0 °C gave the carboxylic acid products 99% 95% yields, respectively. The two compounds were fully characterized.

A decentralized failure detection and isolation (FDI) methodology, which is robust with respect to model uncertainties and noise, is presented. Redundancy metrics are developed, and optimization problems are posed for the choices of robust parity relations. Closed-form solutions for some special failure cases are given. Connections are drawn with other disciplines, and the use of the metrics to...