Calcium salts of analogues of dipicolinic acid were substituted for calcium dipicolinate in tests of germination of spores of Bacillus megaferium ATCC 10778. Only 4Hpyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid was as active as dipicolinic acid. 3-Methyldipicolinic acid and 4-methyl-4H-pyran-2, B-dicarboxylic acid were active but the germination proceeded less rapidly. In the presence of a threshold concentratio...

Endogenous and exogenous antioxidants are used to neutralise free radicals and protect the body from free radicals by maintaining the redox balance. The antioxidant properties of Dracaena sanderiana leaves were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured. The classes of secondary metabolites were evaluated through p...

The pharmacokinetic behavior of allixin (3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-penthyl-4H-pyran-4-one) was investigated in an experimental animal, mice. Allixin was administered using an inclusion compound because the solubility of allixin in aqueous solution is very low. The allixin content in serum and in the organs of administered animals was analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-MS. Most of the a...

As a tropical country with biodiversity, Indonesia is rich flora especially those potential as medicinal plants such Jarak Kepyar (Ricinus communis). Leaves of jarak kepyar communis) are used medicine for wounds, rash, abscess, and fever. Therefore, the purpose this study was to determine active compound in ethanol n-hexane extract leaves using phytochemical analysis GC-MS. The research method ...

Commercial dehydroacetic acid was converted into 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one (3), which was then condensed with several aliphatic aldehydes to produce seven new title compounds in variable yields (35-92%). Reaction of 3 with alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes resulted in the formation of condensed pyran derivatives 4g' and 4h'. A mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of such comp...

High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the isolation and quantitative determination of the group B soyasaponins, including 2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP)-conjugated soyasaponins alphag, betag, and betaa, and their non-DDMP counterparts, soyasaponins V, I, and II, respectively, with formononetin used as the internal standard. The limits of qu...

Recombination zone and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were investigated. Basis device architecture is indium tin oxide (ITO)/N, N0-diphenyl-N, N0-bis(1-naphthyl-phenyl)-1, 10-biphenyl-4, 40-diamine (NPB)/4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6-(1, 1, 7, 7tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB)/NPB (spacer)/tris-(8-hydroxyl quinolin...

The methodology to prepare 3-substituted 1,5-dibromopentanes I and their immediate precursors, which include 3-substituted 1,5-pentanediols VII or 4-substituted tetrahydropyrans VIII, is surveyed. Such dibromides I are important intermediates in the preparation of liquid crystalline derivatives containing 6-membered heterocyclic rings. Four dibromides 1a-1d containing simple alkyl and more comp...