The objective of this review is to consider the mechanisms by which vitamin D affects muscle and the evidence that vitamin D status is important for muscle performance and fall prevention in older adults. Vitamin D receptors have been identified in human skeletal-muscle cells. Activation of these receptors by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is involved in the action of vitamin D on the myocyte. Several...

Mantha, Line, Elena Palacios, and Yves Deshaies. Modulation of triglyceride metabolism by glucocorticoids in diet-induced obesity. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 46): R455–R464, 1999.—The involvement of glucocorticoids (GC) in the development of diet-induced obesity and in the concomitant adaptations of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein metabolism were examined. Rat...

Casarini, D. E., M. A. Boim, R. C. R. Stella, and N. Schor. Endopeptidases (kininases) are able to hydrolyze kinins in tubular fluid along the rat nephron. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Renal Physiol. 45): F66–F74, 1999.—The activities of serine endopeptidase, prolyl endopeptidase and neutral endopeptidase were determined in tubular fluid collected from several portions of the rat nephron as well as in ...

Weisinger, R. S., J. R. Blair-West, P. Burns, and D. A. Denton. Intracerebroventricular infusion of angiotensin II increases water and ethanol intake in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 46): R162–R172, 1999.—The influence of prolonged ingestion of ethanol on stimulation of water or ethanol intake by intracerebroventricular infusion of ANG II was evaluated in rats...

Ichihara, Atsuhiro, and L. Gabriel Navar. Neuronal NOS contributes to biphasic autoregulatory response during enhanced TGF activity. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Renal Physiol. 46): F113–F120, 1999.—To assess the afferent arteriolar autoregulatory response during increased activity of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism and to delineate the contribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS...

Wasserstrom, J. Andrew, and Ana-Maria Vites. Activation of contraction in cat ventricular myocytes: effects of low Cd21 concentration and temperature. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 46): H488–H498, 1999.—The effects of Cd21 (20 μM) and different bath temperatures were used to study the contributions of two separate triggering mechanisms, L-type Ca21 current (ICa) and reverse mode Na1...

Murer, Heini, Ian Forster, Nati Hernando, Georg Lambert, Martin Traebert, and Jürg Biber. Posttranscriptional regulation of the proximal tubule NaPi-II transporter in response to PTH and dietary Pi. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Renal Physiol. 46): F676–F684, 1999.—The rate of proximal tubular reabsorption of phosphate (Pi) is a major determinant of Pi homeostasis. Deviations of the extracellular concen...

Kalhorn, Thomas, and Richard A. Zager. Renal cortical ceramide patterns during ischemic and toxic injury: assessments by HPLC-mass spectrometry. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Renal Physiol. 46): F723–F733, 1999.—Ceramides are a class of signaling molecules that can acutely accumulate in tissues as part of a ‘‘stress response.’’ They are classically measured by the diacylglycerol kinase assay, which, in ...

Choudhry, Mashkoor A., Philip E. Hockberger, and Mohammed M. Sayeed. PGE2 suppresses mitogen-induced Ca21 mobilization in T cells. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 46): R1741–R1748, 1999.—PGE2mediated suppression of T cell proliferation during sepsis could result from altered Ca21 signaling. The present study evaluated the effects of PGE2 on Ca21 release from intracell...

Hines, Wirt A., Jacqueline Thorburn, and Andrew Thorburn. Cell density and contraction regulate p38 MAP kinase-dependent responses in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 46): H331– H341, 1999.—In vitro cardiac myocyte hypertrophy is characterized by increased cell size, sarcomere organization, and induction of several genes including atrial natriuretic facto...