Having knowledge of stability of an underground space depends on stresses and strains around it. Creating underground tunnels leads to significant changes in the rock mass stress. Therefore, to achieve the necessary stability, stresses and deformations around the tunnel must be examined carefully. Usually, stress-strain behavior analysis is conducted in two-dimensional mode. This paper was cond...

A significant portion of the world's oil reserves is contained in carbonates reservoirs. Because complex hydro-thermo-geomechanical-geochemical processes uptake from these reservoirs difficult. In recent decades, many efforts have been made to model fractured rocks. But on stochastic nature there has done only a few studies. Geochemical models deal with chemical reactions that take place into f...

We introduce an extension of the classic Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) formalism that includes stochastic features. Based on the use of the probability spaces theory we define the stochastic DEVS (STDEVS) specification, which provides a formal framework for modeling and simulation of general non-deterministic discrete event systems. The main theoretical properties of the STDEVS fra...

[1] The role of bedrock fractures and rock mass strength is often considered a primary influence on the efficiency of surface processes and the morphology of landscapes. Quantifying bedrock characteristics at hillslope scales, however, has proven difficult. Here, we present a new field‐based method for quantifying the depth and apparent density of bedrock fractures within the shallow subsurface...

Observations of natural fractures in core or image logs typically give limited information on orientation, aperture and intensity. Because of the sparseness of wellbore intersections of fractures, data analysis results in incomplete statistical characterization of the fracture population, leaving interwell characterization almost impossible. Using basic fracture mechanics models and a novel cor...

Over the past few years, due to the advances in laser scanning techniques, 3D modeling software, computer power and virtual reality, many cultural heritage applications require 3D modeling and realistic visualization of the heritage models for various purposes. In such a project to virtualize the Dazu Rock Carvings, we proposed a commercially available solution. In this paper, we present this s...

The Bamiyan project of the Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, ETH Zurich, which started in July 2001, consists in the terrain modeling of the area around and including the valley of Bamiyan, Afghanistan, the 3D reconstruction of the two lost Buddha statues, their actual empty niches, the rock cliff with the Buddhist monks’ caves and the documentation of the UNESCO cultural heritage site w...

welders exposure to nickel and hexavalent chromium in welding fumes is associated with increase of cancer risk in welders. in this study we calculated cancer risk due to exposure to these compounds in welders.the role of exposure parameters in welders on derived incremental lifetime cancer risk were determined by stochastic modeling of cancer risk. input parameters were determined by field inve...

background and objectives: a sudden jump in blood demand during natural disasters may have strong negative impact on the performance of blood supply chain. appropriate response to the emergency situations, requires predictive approach to determining the optimal allocation of blood supply chain resources for various disaster scenarios. the present study, thus, presents an optimization model aime...

background and objectives: operating room (or) scheduling is key to optimal operating room productivity. the significant uncertainty associated with surgery duration renders scheduling of surgical operation a challenging task. this paper proposes a novel computational stochastic model to optimize scheduling of surgeries with uncertain durations. the model considers various surgical operation co...