OBJECTIVES To report on a simple practical test for assessing acute estradiol vascular effects on healthy and unhealthy postmenopausal women. INTRODUCTION Estradiol acts in the endothelium to promote vasodilatation through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms, but its vascular action may be impaired in diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking and obesity. METHODS Nineteen postmenopausal women...

BACKGROUND Greater occipital nerve block is used in the treatment of headaches and neuralgia in the occipital area. We evaluated the efficacy of ultrasonic doppler flowmeter-guided occipital nerve block in patients experiencing headache in the occipital region in a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled study. METHODS Twenty-six patients, aged 18 to 70, with headache in the occipital reg...

With the increasing use of ultrasonography, renal incidentaloma cases have also been rising. A solid mass observed incidentally will either be malignant or benign. Of tumors, cell carcinoma (RCC) is most common. The two common benign tumors that need to differentiated from RCC are oncocytoma and angiomyolipoma. It difficult differentiate on ultrasonography. Furthermore, there difficulties disti...

Longwave oscillatory Marangoni convection in a planar binary liquid layer is studied. Finite-amplitude regimes with perturbations of temperature and solute concentration of order unity are considered. Both thermocapillary and solutocapillary effects are taken into account. Oneand two-dimensional patterns on a rhombic lattice are studied and their stability to the perturbations which do not nece...

multi-dimensional representation and analysis because of the unique relationships between the vertical and horizontal distributions of excavated materials and their spatio-temporal distribution. Until very recently, however, archaeologists have predominantly applied only two-dimensional (2D) forms of representation to understand the complex spatial distribution of archaeological materials. Curr...

background: our study aims to determine the correlation between breast cancer tumor size according to imaging (ultrasonography and mammography) with final pathologic report as a gold standard. methods: we included 132 women with pathologically proven invasive breast cancer between april 2011 and december 2013. study variables included tumor size according to pathology (as a gold standard), ultr...