In spite of advances in the quality of prenatal care, management of high-risk pregnancies and treatment strategies targeting prevention of preterm births, the rate of preterm births in the US has continued to rise over the last two decades and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Care of preterm infants also poses a significant financial burden on limited health care resources. Infa...

* Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Mathematics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Abstract In this paper, the existence of a fixed point for TF-contractive mappings on complete metric spaces and cone metric spaces is proved, where T : X ® X is a one to one and closed graph...

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We answer a recent question posed by Li et al. [‘Imprimitive symmetric graphs with cyclic blocks’, European J. Combin. 31 (2010), 362–367] regarding a family of imprimitive symmetric graphs. 2000 Mathematics subject classification: primary 05C25; secondary 05E99.

1. introduction current statistical methods may be unable to accurately predict recurrence intervals of rare, large magnitude floods. the usual procedure involves extrapolation from gauged hydrological records documenting 30–40 year records of observed (normally small) floods to the estimation of the quantifies and recurrence intervals of very large, rare floods. this conventional approaches be...

Adult seabirds experience predation by many species. At sea, they are taken by predatory fish such as white sharks Carcharodon carcharias (Johnson et al. 2006), and by marine mammals including killer whales Orca orcinus (Dahleim & White 2010), true seals (Penny & Lowry 1967, Cobley & Bell 1998), fur-seals and sealions (McHugh 1952, Long & Gilbert 1997, David et al. 2003, Lalas et al. 2007, Char...

Three lines of evidence for ancient life on land are paleosols, microfossils, and MISS (microbially induced sedimentary structures). The three appear in the rock record as old as 3.5–2.7 Ga (Hallbauer and van Warmelo 1974; Rye and Holland 2000; Wacey et al. 2008; Johnson et al. 2010; Noffke et al. 2013). The primitive terrestrial biosphere is plausibly as old as the oldest marine biosphere (Sch...

Th ere are countless examples of management projects that have attempted to decrease or eradicate invasive species at a site, only to have them rapidly recolonize within a few years. While this is often attributed to reinvasion through propagules remaining at the site, or high propagule pressure from the surrounding landscape (Leung et al., 2004; Lockwood et al., 2005), this also may be due to ...