The juxtaposition of presumptive neural plate and epidermis forms a signaling center responsible for the stereotypic pattern of dorsal neurons in the neural plate (including lateral primary neurons in amphibians and fish), roofplate, neural crest cells and cranial placodes (Baker and Bronner-Fraser, 2001; Moury and Jacobson, 1990; Selleck and Bronner-Fraser, 1995). In addition, signals from thi...

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This paper describes the 1998 CMU Hub 4 Spanish broadcast news transcription system. We focus on the development and improvements of the system with respect to the 1997 system. Both the 1997 and 1998 systems were developed using exactly the same acoustic and language model training material, thus the improvements obtained resulted from a better utilization and modeling of these corpora and a be...

Zooplankton abundance and euphausiid community composition were sampled seasonally (spring, summer, fall) within Monterey Bay, California, between 1997 and 1999. Measurements of sea surface temperature (SST), mixed layer depth, and upwelling indices provided concurrent data on physical oceanographic parameters. Both total zooplankton and krill abundance dramatically declined in the summer of 19...

The prefrontal cortex (PFC), as a part of the ’limbic circuit’, plays a fundamental role in emotional and cognitive processes (Lane et al., 1997; Maguire et al., 1998). This has been shown both in experimental animal models and in humans, using modem imaging techniques (Lane et al., 1997; Maguire et al., 1998; Middleton & Strick, 1997). Numerous excitatory amino acids (EAA) neurons are present ...

T he 1998 Purdue Land Values survey indicates that the value of an acre of average bare Indiana cropland was $2,155 per acre in June 1998, $55 more than the all-time peak reached in 1981. This is an increase of $158 per acre, or approximately 8 percent, over the value reported in 1997. In each of the past five years, annual increases in the value of this land have ranged from about $100 to over...

Forest fire emissions have a strong impact on the concentrations of trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. In order to quantify the influence of boreal forest fire emissions on the atmospheric composition, the fire seasons of 1997 and 1998 are compared in this paper. Fire activity in 1998 was very strong, especially over Canada and Eastern Siberia, whereas it was much weaker in 1997. Accor...

Abstract Biological carbon pump (BCP) inefficiency was first observed in the South China Sea (SCS) throughout 1997–1999 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event, but BCP usually recovers its efficiency when climate conditions change from to La Niña Pacific Ocean. Enhanced stratification and Kuroshio intrusion led weak mixing oligotrophic sunlit layer of SCS during 1997/1998 phase, particulate ...