Fewer than half of children with high-risk neuroblastoma survive. Many of these tumors harbor high-level amplification of MYCN, which correlates with poor disease outcome. Using data from our large drug screen we predicted, and subsequently demonstrated, that MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas are sensitive to the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199. This sensitivity occurs in part through low anti-apoptotic BC...

B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) prevents commitment to programmed cell death at the mitochondrion. It remains a challenge to identify those tumors that are best treated by inhibition of BCL-2. Here, we demonstrate that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines, primary patient samples, and murine primary xenografts are very sensitive to treatment with the selective BCL-2 antagonist ABT-199. In...

Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare, HPV-associated malignancy typically diagnosed in early stages and definitively treated with chemoradiation. In situations where patients exhibit metastatic or recurrent disease, treatment options are severely limited. In this study, molecular alterations were identified that could be used to aid in therapeutic decisions for patients with metastatic...

The simplified linguistic relation between syntax and semantics as intrinsic property of classic Arabic motivates a dedicated look at P vs. NP in light of efforts and solutions presented by ancient Araband Muslim scholars to facilitate logicaland mathematical deduction. In Islamic Jurisprudence (Fikh) it has recently been shown [Abdelwahab et al. 2014] that if a formal system expressing Fikh is...

The difficulty of learning depends on the type of task involved. Remembering new terminology is relatively easy, while applying the ideas underlying design decisions shown by example to new problems posed as human tasks is relatively hard. In this short summary, we give you lists at several levels of difficulty of what we expect you to be able to do as a result of the last few weeks of studying...

INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 183 I. THE SPECTRUM REFORM IDEA HAS ITS TIME COME? ..... 188 II. THE CURRENT AGENDA FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS REFORM .................................................................................... 193 III. MAXIMIZING THE POLITICAL ECONOMY ............................. 197 A. The Beginning of a Refo...

Methods ........................... 185 Spontaneous movements ..................... 188 The single contraction ..................... 192 Summation of contractions and tetanus ................ 193 The effect of the constant current .................. 195 The influence of temperature ................... , 199 1. On the tone of the bladder muscle ............... 199 2. On the form of the contracti...

I review the many ways of obtaining information about the CKM matrix through CP violation in the B system. I include direct and indirect CP violation, the role of penguins and isospin analysis, tagging, and B ! DK decays. I also discuss recent developments showing how to use SU (3) avor symmetry, along with some dynamical approximations, to extract from B decays to , K and KK 0 the weak CKM pha...

BACKGROUND Lymphocytic colitis is characterised by chronic diarrhoea and specific microscopic changes in a macroscopically normal colonic mucosa. We report clinical features and treatment outcome in a large patient cohort. METHODS Patients were searched for in 24 Swedish gastroenterology clinics. The biopsy material was reassessed using strict histopathological criteria. Clinical data were ob...