We review 1980s research on American rural hospitals within the context of a decade of increasing restrictiveness in the reimbursement and operating environments. Areas addressed include rural hospital definitions, organizational and financial performance, and strategic management activities. The latter category consists of hospital closure, diversification and vertical integration, swing-bed c...

In a survey of 450 consecutive births in Southampton a 12% incidence has been found of ophthalmia neonatorum. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from only one-third of the cases, while nonpathogens were isolated from as many cases as controls. There was an incidence of chlamydial infection of 3.7 per 1000 live births, while Neisseria gonorrhoeae could not be found. Chloramphenicol is recommended...

The first microcomputers were developed in the late 1970s and soon a wide variety of these machines were available for school and home use. This presented both a marvellous opportunity to improve school education and a significant problem for education authorities in how to provide support for the range of available computers. Several countries, including Australia, attempted to solve this prob...

Born under the one-child policy and growing up in an environment of tremendous socioeconomic change, the post-1980s generation of China tends to have interesting fertility preferences. This study explores the fertility desire, gender preference, and potential utilization of fetal ultrasound among the post-1980s individuals in urban China, based on a survey conducted in Beijing and Puyang, China...

This article provides an overview of the issues and proposals surrounding wh-insitu since the 1980s. In particular, it discusses the question of whether or not in-situ wh-phrases undergo covert wh-movement. Aside from reviewing the basic arguments for and against covert wh-movement, it considers alternative proposals put forth, ranging from movement of elements other than wh-phrases themselves,...

Workfare, reciprocal obligations, parental responsibility, and the need to balance opportunities with mandates have been prominent in the current lexicon of welfare reform, replacing the emphasis on entitlements and incentives familiar from an earlier era. This article discusses why the debate has shifted toward work strategies and summarizes what we know about the feasibility and success of th...

During the decades before the beginning of 1980s, there were just a few ways to transmit messages in electrical format. As personal computers were not available on everyone’s desk and minicomputers were not meant for everyday working tasks, document creation was mostly manual. In early 1980s, people started to realize for the first time that the society around them had changed due to the increa...