Antisecretory drugs such as histamine H₂-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors are commonly used for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal mucosal lesions induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, it has recently been reported that these drugs exacerbate NSAID-induced small intestinal lesions in rats. Unfortunately, there are few effective agents for the tre...

For 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[(2S,4S)-1-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrrolid inyl]benzamide (TKS159), two polymorphs, forms alpha and beta, were prepared and characterized by means of X-ray powder diffractometry, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, both in the solution and solid phases. The X-ray powder diffraction analysis gave different patterns for forms alpha a...

Article history: Received 27 August 2016 Received in revised form 22 November 2016 Accepted 13 January 2017 Available online xxxx Large marine protected areas (MPAs) have recently been established throughout the world at an unprecedented pace, yet the value of these reserves formobile species conservation remains unclear. Reef shark populations continue to decline even within some of the larges...

Tropical reefs are in global decline with seaweeds commonly replacing corals. Negative associations between macroalgae and corals are well documented, but the mechanisms involved, the dynamics of the interactions, and variance in effects of different macroalgal-coral pairings are poorly investigated. We assessed the frequency, magnitude, and dynamics of macroalgal-coral competition involving al...

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are promoted as a tool to protect overfished stocks and increase fishery yields. Previous models suggested that adult mobility modified effects of MPAs by reducing densities of fish inside reserves, but increasing yields (i.e., increasing densities outside of MPAs). Empirical studies contradicted this prediction: as mobility increased, the relative density of fishe...

In addition to fostering biodiversity goals, marine protected area (MPA) implementation has economic consequences for both commercial and recreational fisheries. During the implementation of the State of California (USA) Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA), which mandates the creation of an MPA network in California’s state waters, the stakeholders and policymakers utilized a pair of economic ana...

Due to power and I/O constraints associated with extreme scale scientific simulations, in situ visualization and analysis to will become a critical component to scientific discovery. The options for extreme scale visualization and analysis are often presented as a stark contrast: write files to disk for interactive, exploratory analysis, or perform in situ analysis to save data products about p...

The conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity have recently received attention, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) become key management tools that are gradually being applied to the high seas. However, MPAs in seas requires legal regimes support them, though relevant still immature. This paper summarizes existing regional treaties governing MPAs, agreement on biological diversity area...