PURPOSE This IRB-approved study compared the caries experience, fluorosis prevalence, and plaque and salivary fluoride concentrations ([F]) in middle school (MS; N = 51) and elementary school (ES; N = 144) children residing in nonfluoridated and fluoridated communities in rural Georgia. All participants were exposed to fluoridated water at school (0.5-1.2 ppm), some received that level at home,...

Purified Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were exposed to ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine. Excystation and mouse infectivity were comparatively evaluated to assess oocyst viability. Ozone and chlorine dioxide more effectively inactivated oocysts than chlorine and monochloramine did. Greater than 90% inactivation as measured by infectivity was achieved by treating oocysts wit...

The purpose of this preliminary investigation was to compare the genotoxic effect of fluoride in human individuals directly exposed to high concentrations of drinking water fluoride (1.95 to 2.2 ppm) with those in individuals exposed to concentrations (0.6 to 1.0 ppm) within the WHO permissible limit. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and cell cycle proliferative index were studied in whole-bloo...

Arsenic (As) is environmentally ubiquitous and an epidemiologically significant chemical related to certain human cancers. Dimethylarsinic acid (cacodylic acid; DMA) is one of the major methylated metabolites of ingested arsenicals in most mammals. To evaluate the effects of DMA on chemical carcinogenesis, we conducted a multiorgan bioassay in rats given various doses of DMA. One-hundred twenty...

Background: Drinking fluoride-contaminated water is a severe health hazard problem. Fluorosis -both skeletal and dental- an important clinical public problem in about 24 countries including India. The best method to overcome the of excess fluoride drinking defluoridation. Adsorption methods are simple, economical, globally pursued techniques. Thirst-quenching herbal products locally called ‘Dah...

Water quality is an important aspect in human health, as the majority of infectious diseases that cause morbidity and mortality in population are water related. The present study was undertaken to assess the quality of water in Kingolwira, Morogoro Rural District, Tanzania. Water was collected from different sites in the village and analysed for a period of six months. Physical, chemical and mi...

Adult-onset methylmercury (MeHg) exposure is thought to result primarily in sensory and motor deficits but effects on learning are poorly understood. One mechanism by which chronic MeHg may exert its neurotoxicity is via sustained disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis, with a consequent increase of intracellular Ca(2+) ions in vulnerable neurons. A biochemically heterogeneous group of...

INTRODUCTION An earlier epidemiological study by these authors revealed fluorosis at very low levels of fluoride concentrations in drinking water. AIM The objective of present study was to investigate risk factors of dental fluorosis in permanent teeth in the villages of northern Karnataka, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present survey was carried out in three villages of Hungund Taluk, B...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of the present study was to systematically review fluoride concentration of drinking waters and prevalence of fluorosis in Iran through systematically evaluating results of studies conducted in this regard. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this systematic review study, the required data was collected using keywords including drinking water fluoride, fluoride concentration,...