STUDY OBJECTIVE Oral phenytoin, intravenous phenytoin, and intravenous fosphenytoin are all commonly used for loading phenytoin in the emergency department (ED). The cost-effectiveness of each was compared for patients presenting with seizures and subtherapeutic phenytoin concentrations. METHODS A simple decision tree was developed to determine the treatment costs associated with each of 3 lo...

UNLABELLED 11C-Loperamide is an avid substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), but it is rapidly metabolized to 11C-N-desmethyl-loperamide (11C-dLop), which is also a substrate for P-gp and thereby contaminates the radioactive signal in the brain. Should further demethylation of 11C-dLop occur, radiometabolites with low entry into the brain are generated. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of 11C-d...

Phenytoin is indicated for tonic clonic seizures and status epilepticus. Phenytoin is known to deplete vital nutrients such as calcium, folic acid, vitamin D, vitamin K, biotin, carnitine, copper, selenium and zinc. Depletion of nutrients is known to cause adverse effects such as ataxia, nystagmus, lethargy, slurred speech and hematological disturbances. Spirulina is a rich source of vital nutr...

Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant agent of the first-generation that blocks voltage-gated Na -channels. Systemic administration of phenytoin induces anticonvulsant effect in humans and in experimental animals. Moreover, it was demonstrated that this drug also inhibited neuropathic and post-stroke pain. The present study was undertaken in order to determine the effect of a direct phenytoin administ...

AIM: The SCN1A gene encodes the NaV1.1 sodium channel in central nervous system that serves as target for phenytoin. Our study aimed to investigate association of polymorphism (SNP rs3812718) with phenytoin response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total 120 epileptic patients who had received at least 1 year were enrolled and genotyped using TaqMan assay. They classified into phenytoin-responsive (n ...

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder with recurrent seizures due to a chronic underlying process. Despite tremendous advances in the field of understanding regarding the etio-pathogenesis of epilepsy, phenytoin still remains the drug of choice in its management. Chronic administration of phenytoin has been associated to have a number of adverse effects. Gingival enlargement is one such mo...

Phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) is an antiepileptic agent effective against all types of partial and tonic-clonic seizures. Phenytoin limits the repetitive firing of action potentials evoked by a sustained depolarization of mouse spinal cord neurons maintained in vitro. This effect is mediated by a slowing of the rate of recovery of voltage activated Na+ channels from inactivation. For this reaso...

The aim of this review is to report on the value of 11C-choline PET imaging as a diagnostic procedure for metastasis-directed therapies. Furthermore, the role of 11C-choline PET/CT as a diagnostic tool for monitoring castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with systematic therapy is assessed. Finally, the role of 11C-choline PET/CT in the prediction of survival in both castration-...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent reports have shown an increase in specific binding (in vitro) of [3H]PK 11195 to peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in both experimental animals and humans, reflecting a glial/macrophagic reaction within and around focal ischemic insults. We have evaluated by positron emission tomography the time course of changes in brain uptake in vivo of 11C-labeled PK 111...