CL-1.2 We can form n digit numbers by choosing the leftmost digit AND choosing the next digit AND · · · AND choosing the rightmost digit. The first choice can be made in 9 ways since a leading zero is not allowed. The remaining n − 1 choices can each be made in 10 ways. By the Rule of Product we have 9× 10n−1. To count numbers with at most n digits, we could sum up 9× 10k−1 for 1 ≤ k ≤ n. The s...

The high spatial variability of estuaries poses a challenge for characterizing estuarine water quality. This problem was examined by conducting monthly high-resolution transects for several water quality variables (chlorophyll a, suspended particulate matter and salinity) in San Francisco Bay (California, U.S.A.). Using these data, six different ways of choosing station locations along a transe...

In eukaryotic nucleosomes, DNA makes ~1.7 superhelical turns around histone octamer. However, there is a long-standing discrepancy between the nucleosome core structure determined by x-ray crystallography and measurements of DNA topology in circular minichromosomes, indicating that there is only ~1.0 superhelical turn per nucleosome. Although several theoretical assumptions were put forward to ...

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of hip flexion and rotation on excursion gluteus medius (Gmed) minimus (Gmin) myotendinous unit.MethodsSeven hips from 4 cadaveric specimens (males, 68.5 ± 18.3 years old) were dissected to isolate Gmed posterior lateral insertions Gmin proximal distal insertions. Sutures placed tendon through origins created in iliac fossa simulate unit. A load 10N was applied. My...

Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) has been shown to be effective in improving surgeon capabilities, providing magnified 3D vision, highly dexterous surgical tools, and intuitive human-robot interfaces for high-precision tool motion control. Robotic tools (RST) are a critical component that defines the performance of an RMIS system. Current RSTs still represent high cost, with few...

Although the risk of acquisition of hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus through blood products has considerably reduced since the last decade, some infected patients are candidates to stem cell transplantation. Others may have no alternative than an infected donor. In all these cases, recipients of transplant are prone to short and long term liver complications. The evolution of liver tests under ...

This paper presents a novel evolutionary optimization strategy based on the derandomized evolution strategy with covariance matrix adaptation (CMA-ES). This new approach is intended to reduce the number of generations required for convergence to the optimum. Reducing the number of generations, i.e., the time complexity of the algorithm, is important if a large population size is desired: (1) to...

In this paper, three extensions of the BI-population Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy with weighted active covariance matrix update (BIPOP-aCMA-ES) are investigated. First, to address expensive optimization, we benchmark a recently proposed extension of the self-adaptive surrogate-assisted CMA-ES which benefits from more intensive surrogate model exploitation (BIPOP-saACM-k). Sec...