Elevated levels of several endothelial markers, including CD31, VEGFR-2, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, P-selectin and vWF, in lung tissue circulation support an important role the pulmonary endothelium local systemic COVID-19 pathologyhttps://bit.ly/3eQObIR

The vascular system is the first functional organ that starts to develop in the embryo. The extraembryonic mesodermal cells, so-called hemangioblasts, aggregate in the yolk sac to form blood islands, where they differentiate into an external endothelial cell (EC) layer and an inner core of blood cells. The external ECs subsequently constitute the primary capillary plexus. Shortly thereafter, th...

The serine protease granzyme B (GrB) induces apoptosis through both caspase-dependent and -independent multiple-cascade mechanisms. VEGF₁₂₁ binds to both VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1 and VEGFR-2 receptors. We engineered a unique GrB/VEGF₁₂₁ fusion protein and characterized its properties in vitro and in vivo. Endothelial and tumor cell lines showed varying levels of sensitivity to GrB/VEGF₁₂₁ that c...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key angiogenic factor in a variety of solid tumors, making it one of the most attractive therapeutic targets. VEGF promotes the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of vascular endothelial cells by stimulating autophosphorylation and activation of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2, fetal liver kinase-1, and kinase insert domain-containing receptor)....

Preconditioning protects endothelial cells as well as neurons from ischemic injury. In 7-d-old rat pups, ligating the carotid artery 1 h before hypoxia damaged the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere; in contrast, ligating the artery 24 h before hypoxia provided complete neuroprotection. The protective effect of the 24 h artery ligation preconditioning model requires the activation of cAMP response...

PURPOSE To identify the molecular signature of localized (N0M0) clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and assess its ability to predict outcome. METHODS Clinical characteristics and pathologic records of 170 patients with localized clear cell RCC who underwent nephrectomy were reviewed. Immunohistochemical analysis was done on a tissue microarray of all primary tumors using a kidney cancer-re...

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) regulate blood and lymph vessel development upon activation of three receptor tyrosine kinases: VEGFR-1, -2, and -3. Partial structures of VEGFR/VEGF complexes based on single-particle electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and X-ray crystallography revealed the location of VEGF binding and domain arrangement of individual receptor subdoma...