Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety- and memory-based disorder. The hippocampus and amygdala are key areas in mood regulation. Fluoxetine was found to improve the anxiety-related symptoms of PTSD patients. However, little work has directly examined the effects of fluoxetine on the hippocampus and the amygdala. In the present study, male Wistar rats received fluoxetine or vehicle ...

The treatments for ischemic stroke can only be administered in a narrow time-window. However, the ischemia onset time is unknown in ~30% of stroke patients (wake-up strokes). The objective of this study was to determine whether MR spectra of ischemic brains might allow the precise estimation of cerebral ischemia onset time. We modeled ischemic stroke in male ICR-CD1 mice using a permanent middl...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Noninvasive diagnosis of brain lesions is important for the correct choice of treatment. Our aims were to investigate whether 1) proton MR spectroscopic imaging ((1)H-MRSI) can aid in differentiating between tumors and nonneoplastic brain lesions, and 2) perfusion MR imaging can improve the classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively examined 69 adults with...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pick complex (PC) is the name given to a group of diseases comprising Pick disease and its variations, all of which have a large degree of pathologic and clinical overlap. Because of this overlap, the observation of neuropathologic changes in vivo is difficult, although these changes play important roles in the criteria used for classification. The purpose of this study w...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) assessed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H MRS) has a high pathological specificity for axonal density. Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) measured by using optical coherence tomography is increasingly used as a surrogate marker of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our aim was to investigate the relation betwee...

INTRODUCTION The accurate diagnosis and monitoring of idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has not been fully developed. This study sought to identify a neurochemical profile in multiple regions of the PD brain and healthy controls by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). We aimed to track changes of the brain neurochemical, quantify neuronal l...

N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) is employed as a non-invasive marker for neuronal health using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). This utility is afforded by the fact that NAA is one of the most concentrated brain metabolites and that it produces the largest peak in MRS scans of the healthy human brain. NAA levels in the brain are reduced proportionately to the degree of tissue damage after ...

strawberry is a valuable, nutritious, and economically important fruit all over the world including bangladesh. therefore, there is a demand to develop a suitable variety of strawberry. for this purpose, leaf explants from in vitro grown strawberry plantlets were cultured onto ms medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of 2,4-d, naa and ba for callus induction. the mo...

Modifications of the nucleic acid backbone are essential for the development of oligonucleotide-derived bioactive agents. The NAA-modification represents a novel artificial internucleotide linkage which enables the site-specific introduction of positive charges into the otherwise polyanionic backbone of DNA oligonucleotides. Following initial studies with the introduction of the NAA-linkage at ...