Hartigan’s method for k-means clustering holds several potential advantages compared to the classical and prevalent optimization heuristic known as Lloyd’s algorithm. E.g., it was recently shown that the set of local minima of Hartigan’s algorithm is a subset of those of Lloyd’s method. We develop a closed-form expression that allows to establish Hartigan’s method for k-means clustering with an...

This paper proposes new regulation for nuclear power reactors aimed at increasing their safety. We begin by describing how limited liability leads to risk-loving behaviour in nuclear power companies and unsafe nuclear power reactors. By reviewing current regulatory regimes, we show that this issue is not being sufficiently addressed today. Therefore, we evaluate five regulatory instruments: (1)...

WHEN Steven Paget published his theory of ‘‘seed and soil’’ in 1889 (1), the idea of hematogenous tumor cell dissemination was born. In many breast cancer patients, circulating cells with the characteristics of tumor cells can be identified in the peripheral blood that are known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These cells are present not only in patients with metastatic disease but also in t...

..................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 5 1. Data and methodology.................................................................................................

The 100,000 Genomes Project is a unique, national programme combining research and transformation of clinical care, by undertaking Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) in patients with rare diseases and cancer. Made possible by technological advances in next generation sequencing1 and falling costs, this project aims to find the genes which cause a patient’s rare disease and identify genetic changes w...