Nerve growth factor (NGF) induces a relatively long-term hyperalgesia in rats, whereas substance P (SP) N-terminal fragments, like SP(1-7), produce a long-lasting antinociception in mice. We used various nociceptive assays to compare the effects of these compounds on pain transmission when injected intrathecally (i.t.) in mice, and to determine whether either compound affects the action of the ...

Since cryptosystem based on the problem of factoring the composite number N can be attacked with P − 1 and P +1 methods, it is required that P −1 and P +1 should be difficult to be factored into many small primes, where we assume that the P is a factor of N . In this paper, first, we consider the distribution of secure primes against both P −1 and P +1 methods. Second, we propose two efficient ...