In recent years, a significant amount of sequence data (both genomic and transcriptomic) for Echinococcus spp. has been published, thereby facilitating the analysis of genes expressed during a specific stage or involved in parasite development. To perform a suitable gene expression quantification analysis, the use of validated reference genes is strongly recommended. Thus, the aim of this work ...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species have an indispensable role in regulating cell signalling pathways, including transcriptional control via hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Hyperbaric oxygenation treatment (HBO2) increases tissue oxygen content and leads to enhanced ROS production. In the present study DSS-induced colitis has been employed in BALB/c mice as an experimental ...

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has the unique property of inducing regression of pre-established murine atherosclerosis. Understanding the mechanism(s) involved may help identify endogenous pathways that reverse human atherosclerosis. Here, we provide evidence that CLA inhibits foam cell formation via regulation of the nuclear receptor coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PP...

The transcription factor HIF-1α is essential for cells to rapidly adapt to low oxygen levels (hypoxia). HIF-1α is frequently deregulated in cancer and correlates with poor patient prognosis. Here, we demonstrate that the deubiquitinase Cezanne regulates HIF-1α homeostasis. Loss of Cezanne decreases HIF-1α target gene expression due to a reduction in HIF-1α protein levels. Surprisingly, although...

Glucose is a major substrate for milk synthesis and is taken up from the blood by mammary epithelial cells (MECs) through facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs). The expression levels of GLUT1 and GLUT8 are upregulated dramatically in the mammary gland from late pregnancy through early lactation stages. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that this increase in GLUT1 and GLUT8 expression ...

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is an important transcription factor in mediating oxygen homeostasis that can regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transcription. HIF-1α can induce neovascularization in ischemic injury. This research observed HIF-1α and VEGF expression in traumatic lung injury (TLI) to discuss their correlation. Healthy male SD rats at 7-week old were ran...

Background: Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases. Irisin (FNDC5 protein) is involved in the new strategy of combating type 2 diabetes. In the liver, the antidiabetic mechanism of silymarin at the molecular level is unknown. This study investigated the effects of silymarin on irisin and the related gene expression and oxidative stress status in the liver of type 2 diabetic ra...

Angiogenesis and bone formation are intimately related processes. Hypoxia during early bone development stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and increases angiogenic signals including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, stabilization of HIF-1α by genetic or chemical means stimulates bone formation. On the other hand, deficiency of Runx2, a key osteogenic transcrip...

Metabolic disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, and obesity, a central risk factor, is reaching epidemic proportions. Energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis are implicated in metabolic disease, and it is becoming evident that impaired BAT activity is regulated by gene/environment interactions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (Pgc-1α)...

AIMS Much evidence suggests that increased glucose metabolism in tumor cells might contribute to the development of acquired chemoresistance. However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully clear. Therefore, we investigated a possible correlation of mRNA expression of HIF-1α and GLUT1 with chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS Bone marrow samples were obtained from newly di...