We apply a complexity theoretic notion of feasible learnability called "polynomial learnability" to the evaluation of grammatical formalisms for linguistic description. We show that a novel, nontrivial constraint on the degree of "locality" of grammars allows not only context free languages but also a rich class of mildly context sensitive languages to be polynomially learnable. We discuss poss...

0018-9251/97/$10.00 @ 1997 IEEE Robust estimation, or robust filtering, for uncertain linear systems has been investigated under different conditions in the last two decades (see, for instance, [8, 91 and the references therein). In particular, robust Kalman filtering with respect to uncertain linear systems is still an active research topic that attracts increasing interest, on which several a...

First-order Horn clause logic can be extended to a higher-order setting in which function and predicate symbols can be variables and terms are replaced with simply typed λ-terms. For such a logic programming language to be complete in principle, it must incorporate higher-order unification. Although higher-order unification is more complex than usual first-order unification, its availability ma...

Whole genome sequencing has revealed activating somatic mutations in MYD88 (L265P) and CXCR4 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). CXCR4 somatic mutations in WM are the first ever reported in human cancer and are similar to nonsense (NS) and frameshift (FS) germline mutations found in warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome. We genotyped lymphoplasmacytic cel...

OBJECTIVE Lung cancer remains number one cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Cell cycle deregulation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). CDC25A represents a critical cell cycle regulator that enhances cell cycle progression. In this study we aimed to investigate the role of a novel CDC25A transcriptional variant, CDC25A(Q110del), on the regulation...

Purpose: To review the occurrence of macular retinal folds following retinal detachment surgery. Method: Review of the literature. Results: Macular folds have been reported in up to 3% of cases postoperatively. Risk factors are tamponading gas bubble, large exoplants, detachments with bullous configuration or running through the fovea, and incomplete drainage of subretinal fluid. Preventive mea...

This paper sketches the early history of pituitary apoplexy, a disorder later fully described in 1950 by Brougham, Heusner and Adams. Haemorrhage or necrosis in an adenoma causes a characteristic sudden drowsiness, stupor or coma, headache and stiff neck, ocular palsy, and impaired acuity with visual field loss owing to optic nerve or chiasmal compression. The associated endocrinopathy and mana...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hemodynamic factors are thought to play an important role in the initiation, growth, and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. This report describes a study of the associations between qualitative intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics and the rupture of cerebral aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred ten consecutive aneurysms were analyzed by using patient-specific CFD simulatio...

BACKGROUND Medullary elevation (ie, medullary kinking) at the craniocervical junction (CCJ) is reported in dogs with Chiari-like malformations (CM), but its diagnostic criteria and clinical relevance are unclear. OBJECTIVE To describe the position of the medulla at the CCJ in mature cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS), and evaluate its relationship with clinical status and the presence of s...

The purpose of this study was to compare the heel pad mechanical properties of runners, who repetitively load the heel pad during training, with cyclists who do not load their heel pads during training. Ten competitive long distance runners and 10 competitive cyclists volunteered for this study. The thickness of the unloaded heel pad was measured using realtime B-mode ultrasonography. A heel pa...