BACKGROUND Genetic variants in 15q25 have been identified as potential risk markers for lung cancer (LC), but controversy exists as to whether this is a direct association, or whether the 15q variant is simply a proxy for increased exposure to tobacco carcinogens. METHODS We performed a detailed analysis of one 15q single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs16969968) with smoking behaviour and c...

A library of 183 588 synthetic spectra based on Kurucz’s ATLAS9 models is presented for the far red spectral interval (7653 – 8747 Å). It is characterized by 3 500 K ≤ Teff ≤ 47 500 K, 0.0 ≤ log g ≤ 5.0, −3.0 ≤ [M/H] ≤ +0.5, 0 ≤ Vrot ≤ 500 km s−1, ξ = 2 km s−1. The whole grid of spectra is calculated for resolving powers 8 500, 11 500 and 20 000. A section of the grid is also computed for [α/Fe...

Before the development of mass-vaccination campaigns, measles exhibited persistent fluctuations (endemic dynamics) in large British cities, and recurrent outbreaks (episodic dynamics) in smaller communities. The critical community size separating the two regimes was ;300 000–500 000. We develop a model, the TSIR (Time-series Susceptible–Infected–Recovered) model, that can capture both endemic c...

Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, in August, 1945. The energy yields were equivalent to 12 500 tonnes and 20 000 tonnes of high explosive. Yields from thermonuclear weapons (H-bombs) range up to several megatons (Mt). Between 1945 and the signing of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty in 1996, over 2000 nuclear tests were carried out by the USA, USSR, Britain, France and China, plus one by India. Mo...

Coeliac disease in children and adults is considered to be a variety of the same disorder. This gains epidemiological support in the present study, which reports on the observed prevalence of coeliac disease in an area of Sweden (population, 140 500). On 1 July 1981, the prevalence rate was found to be 104/100 000 (1:960) among children, and the same figure, 106/00 000 (1:950), was found for co...