An electron microscope investigation of the interface between the myonemes of Vorticella convallaria and their associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has revealed structures of a complex morphology linking these two organelles. These structures are named "linkage complexes". Each complex contains a spindle-shaped midpiece which lies in a groove of the ER membrane. Microfilaments splay out from t...

1. Different views exist as to what traits will lead to dominance when plants compete for light. One view is that taller plants with better relative positions in the canopy will exclude shorter plants because they intercept almost all light and thus can achieve a higher carbon gain. Alternatively, resource competition models predict that plants that are capable of positive net photosynthesis at...

عندما وصل الأوربیین إلى أَمریکا نهایات القرن الخامس عشر المیلادی قاموا باستغلال الثروات الطبیعیة هناک وفرضوا انظمتهم الاقتصادیة الصارمة على المستعمرین الأوربیین, ولاسیَّما بریطانیا التی فرضت نظاماً اقتصادیاً مستعمراتها هناک, فقد منعت من إصدار العملة وتصدیر أی منتج واستیراده دون الحصول مرسوم ملکی یخول القیام بذلک, ونتیجةً لهذه السیاسة أَعلنت المستعمرات البریطانیة التمرد التاج البریطانی عام 1775م بعد سل...

Ethanolic and aqueous extracts from five plant species used in Turkish traditional medicine were evaluated for in vivo hypercholesterolaemic and antioxidant activities: Agrostemma githago L., Potentilla reptans L., Thymbra spicata var. spicata L., Urtica dioica L. and Viscum album var. album L. We assayed the effects of the administration of plant extracts on serum total cholesterol, triglyceri...

in the "index of botanical names", where the medieval Latin designations take you to the main dictionary, for example to the items satirion and testiculus leporis, under which the Middle English names are listed, in the case of satirion indiscriminately with other possible identifications, such as Arum and Endymion. Admittedly, the difficulties of identification are considerable-one reason bein...