The mammalian main olfactory system contains several subsystems that differ not only in the receptors they express and the glomerular targets they innervate within the main olfactory bulb (MOB), but also in the strategies they use to process odor information. The canonical main olfactory system employs a combinatorial coding strategy that represents odorant identity as a pattern of glomerular a...

UNLABELLED Neuromodulation of olfactory circuits by acetylcholine (ACh) plays an important role in odor discrimination and learning. Early processing of chemosensory signals occurs in two functionally and anatomically distinct regions, the main and accessory olfactory bulbs (MOB and AOB), which receive extensive cholinergic input from the basal forebrain. Here, we explore the regulation of AOB ...

Sevoflurane is widely used in adult and pediatric patients during clinical surgeries. Although studies have shown that exposure to sevoflurane impairs solfactory memory after an operation, the neuropathological changes underlying this effect are not clear. This study detected the effect of sevoflurane exposure on the development of calcium-binding proteins-expressing interneurons in the main ol...

Synaptic inhibition critically influences sensory processing throughout the mammalian brain, including the main olfactory bulb (MOB), the first station of sensory processing in the olfactory system. Decades of research across numerous laboratories have established a central role for granule cells (GCs), the most abundant GABAergic interneuron type in the MOB, in the precise regulation of princi...

The main olfactory bulb (MOB) in mammals receives massive centrifugal input from cholinergic neurons in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) in the basal forebrain, the activity of which is thought to be correlated with animal behaving states, such as attention. Cholinergic signals in the bulb facilitate olfactory discrimination and learning, but it has remained controversial...

Iron- and methane-cycling are important processes in wetlands with one connected to plant growth and the other to greenhouse gas emission, respectively. In contrast to acidic habitats, there is scarce information on the ecology of microbes oxidizing ferrous iron at circumneutral pH. The latter is mainly due to the lack of isolated representatives and molecular detection techniques. Recently, we...

In the mammalian main olfactory bulb (MOB), the release of glutamate from lateral dendrites of mitral cells onto the dendrites of granule cells evokes recurrent and lateral inhibition of mitral cell activity. Whole-cell voltage recordings in the mouse MOB in vivo and in vitro show that recurrent and lateral inhibition together control the number, duration, and onset of odor-evoked action potent...

A key prerequisite to optimal reasoning under uncertainty in intelligent systems is to start with good class probability estimates. This paper improves on the current best probability estimation trees (Bagged-PETs) and also presents a new ensemble-based algorithm (MOB-ESP). Comparisons are made using several benchmark datasets and multiple metrics. These experiments show that MOB-ESP outputs si...

Phylogenetic reconstruction of three highly conserved proteins involved in bacterial conjugation (relaxase, coupling protein and a type IV secretion system ATPase) allowed the classification of transmissible elements in relaxase MOB families and mating pair formation MPF groups. These evolutionary studies point to the existence of a limited number of module combinations in transmissible element...

The cover illustrates the sintering of MoSi2/Al2O3/Feldspar heating elements fabricated by injection molding, thus allowing more complex geometries and economical element production, see article number 2100517 Dirk Penner co-workers. Different binder systems are investigated various shapes as shown in illustration produced tested. (Cover design: René Wick-Joliat)