SOX2 is an embryonic stem cell marker that in prostate cancer has been associated not only with tumorigenesis but also metastasis. Furthermore hypoxia in primary tumors has been linked to poor prognosis and outcomes in this disease. The goal of the present study was to investigate the impact of hypoxia on SOX2 expression and metastasis-associated functions in prostate cancer cells. A tissue mic...

The expression of microRNA 21 (miR-21) has been reported to be upregulated in various types of cancer, including malignant gliomas. However, its functions and mechanisms in glioma remain to be fully elucidated. The present study established miRNA‑21 overexpression and knockdown cell lines using SRY‑box 2 (Sox2) small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knockdown expression and Sox2 cDNA was cloned into ...

In the adult olfactory epithelium, the transcription factors Pax6 and Sox2 are co-expressed in sustentacular cells, horizontal basal cells (HBCs), and less-differentiated globose basal cells (GBCs)-both multipotent and transit amplifying categories-but are absent from immediate neuronal precursor GBCs and olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). We used retroviral-vector transduction to over-express P...

The generation of the mechanosensory elements of the inner ear during development proceeds in a precise temporal and spatial pattern. First, neurosensory precursors form sensory neurons. Then, prosensory patches emerge and give rise to hair and supporting cells. Hair cells are innervated by cochleovestibular neurons that convey sound and balance information to the brain. SOX2 is an HMG transcri...

Sox2 (Sry-box2) is essential for a variety of stem cells and is also expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanism by which Sox2 enhances CRC progression remains unclear. In the present study, we show that elevated Sox2 expression is significantly correlated with poor clinical prognosis. CRC is phenotypically heterogeneous, and harbors several subtypes of cancer cells....

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecologic cancers and is the fifth leading cause of all cancer-related deaths among women. The development of novel molecular targets is therefore important to many patients. Recently, the SRY-related transcription factor SOX2 has been widely reported to be involved in multiple pathophysiological diseases, including maintenance of stem cell c...

The capacity to identify and isolate lineage-specific progenitor cells from developing and mature tissues would enable the development of cell replacement therapies for disease treatment. The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates important gut functions, including controlling peristaltic muscular contractions, and consists of interconnected ganglia containing neurons and glial cells. Hirschspr...

Human sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is an important transcriptional factor involved in the pluripotency and stemness of human embryonic stem cells. SOX2 plays important roles in maintaining cancer stem cell activities of melanoma and cancers of the brain, prostate, breast, and lung. SOX2 is also a lineage survival oncogene for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and esophagus. Spontaneo...

BACKGROUND The transcription factor sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2) (3q26.3-q27) has been recently identified as a recurrently activated major oncogene in squamous cell carcinoma of various sites. Its prognostic value in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is currently unclear. AIM To correlate SOX2 protein expression with the occurrence of occult lymph node metastasis a...

SOX2 is a master regulator of both pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and multipotent neural progenitor cells (NPCs); however, we currently lack a detailed understanding of how SOX2 controls these distinct stem cell populations. Here we show by genome-wide analysis that, while SOX2 bound to a distinct set of gene promoters in ESCs and NPCs, the majority of regions coincided with unique dis...