We define a family of natural decompositions of Sturmian words in Christoffel words, called reversible Christoffel (RC) factorizations. They arise from the observation that two Sturmian words with the same language have (almost always) arbitrarily long Abelian equivalent prefixes. Using the three gap theorem, we prove that in each RC factorization, only 2 or 3 distinct Christoffel words may occ...

Sharp exchange rate depreciations in the East Asian crisis countries (Indonesia, Korea, and Thailand) raised doubts about the efficacy of increasing interest rates to defend the currency. Using a standard monetary model of exchange rate determination, this paper shows that tighter monetary policy was in fact associated with an appreciation of the exchange rate in these countries and during the ...

In land systems, equitably managing trade-offs between planetary boundaries and human development needs represents a grand challenge in sustainability oriented initiatives. Informing such initiatives requires knowledge about the nexus between land use, poverty, and environment. This paper presents results from Lao PDR, where we combined nationwide spatial data on land use types and the environm...

We give sufficient conditions for a shift space (Σ, σ) to be intrinsically ergodic, along with sufficient conditions for every subshift factor of Σ to be intrinsically ergodic. As an application, we show that every subshift factor of a β-shift is intrinsically ergodic, which answers an open question included in Mike Boyle’s article “Open problems in symbolic dynamics”. We obtain the same result...

We study a deterministic approximation of the two-user multiple access wiretap channel. This approximation enables results beyond the recently shown 2 3 secure degrees of freedom (s.d.o.f.) for the Gaussian multiple access channel. While the s.d.o.f. were obtained by real interference alignment, our approach uses signal-scale alignment. We show an achievable scheme which is independent of the r...

Owing to the increasing population, the disparity of natural resources distribution and the variation of climate around the world, there are energy-water-food nexus problems in some countries in the world. It is the objective of the current work to point to the wealth of the oceans as a resource to find all three components. Aquaculture for deep water should also be investigated, and coastal aq...

Rat liver gap junctions were isolated in Ca2+-free media and analyzed in controlled environments by x-ray diffraction of partially oriented pellets. Different treatments of the same preparations were compared. The ordered hexagonal lattices gave rise to detail that was sensitive to low Ca2+ concentrations (0.05 mM), but not to Mg2+ (up to 0.16 mM) or pH (between 6.0 and 8.0). The major Ca2+-med...

D. A. Muller,1,2 D. A. Shashkov,3 R. Benedek,3 L. H. Yang,4 J. Silcox,1 and D. N. Seidman3 1School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 2Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 4Condensed Matter Physics Division, Lawrence Liv...