Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV), a novel virus identified from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the United States, is genetically and antigenically related to human HEV. In order to further characterize avian HEV, an infectious viral stock with a known infectious titer must be generated, as HEV cannot be propagated in vitro. Bile and feces collected from specific-pathogen-free (SP...

37 38 39 Physical, thermal and microstructural properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) and chicken 40 skin gelatin mixtures were investigated. This is a first study on the compatibility of an 41 unutilised gelatin source from chicken skin with a well-characterised food protein. The 42 physical-chemical and rheological properties of chicken skin gelatin alone, were reported in 43 our previous p...

In recent years, there has been significant progress in edible emulsion technology especially with respect to creating and stabilizing surfactant-free emulsion systems for food applications. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of high internal phase emulsions (HIPE) (φoil = 0.82) stabilized using colloidal complexes of non-gelling biopolymers (at concentrations as low as 0.3 wt%). The...

Adult progenitor cells proliferate in the acutely injured spinal cord and their progeny differentiate into new oligodendrocytes (OLs) that remyelinate spared axons. Whether this endogenous repair continues beyond the first week postinjury (wpi), however, is unknown. Identifying the duration of this response is essential for guiding therapies targeting improved recovery from spinal cord injury (...

PURPOSE To investigate the integration of subretinal implants containing full-depth perforations of various widths with rat and pig retina across weeks of implantation. METHODS In transgenic P23H rhodopsin line 1 (TgP23H-1) rats and wild-type (WT) pigs, we examined four subretinal implant designs: solid inactive polymer arrays (IPA), IPAs with 5- or 10-μm wide perforations, and active bipolar...

BACKGROUND Previous work demonstrated that a soy-dairy protein blend (PB) prolongs hyperaminoacidemia and muscle protein synthesis in young adults after resistance exercise. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of PB in older adults. We hypothesized that PB would prolong hyperaminoacidemia, enhancing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and muscle protein anabolism com...

Intraperitoneal injection of virulent infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) into yearling brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis induced an asynlptomatic, chronic w u s infection that persisted for at least 76 wk post-lnlection (wpl) in spite of the production of a strong humoral immune response. At 8 wpi, 100 % of the fish in one of the injected groups were IPNV camers , as determined by orga...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic and fatal disease in humans and dogs caused by the intracellular protozoan parasites, Leishmania donovani and L. infantum (L. chagasi). Relapse of disease is frequent in immunocompromised patients, in which the number of VL cases has been increasing recently. The present study is aimed to improve the understanding of mechanisms of L. donovani persistence...

The incidence of gastric cancer is higher in men than women. Epidemiological studies suggest that female hormones reduce gastric cancer risk. We examined the effect of ovarian-dependent female hormones on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer in hypergastrinemic INS-GAS mice. Male and female sexually intact or ovariectomized (OVX) mice were inoculated with H.pylori SS1 or vehicle-only at 1...