N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) mutations cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4D (CMT4D). However, the cellular function of NDRG1 and how it causes CMT4D are poorly understood. We report that NDRG1 silencing in epithelial cells results in decreased uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) due to reduced LDL receptor (LDLR) abundance at the plasma membrane. This is accompanied by the...

Evidence suggests that ACAT2 is a proatherogenic enzyme that contributes cholesteryl esters (CEs) to apoB-containing lipoproteins, whereas LCAT is an antiatherogenic enzyme that facilitates reverse cholesterol transport by esterifying free cholesterol on HDL particles. We hypothesized that deletion of LCAT and ACAT2 would lead to absence of plasma CEs and reduced atherosclerosis. To test this h...

Recent studies have examined the role of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in regulating murine hepatic lipoprotein production and apolipoprotein B (apoB) secretion, with divergent conclusions from in vivo versus in vitro approaches. We have re-examined this question, both in vivo and in vitro, using apobec-1-/- mice to model the pattern of human hepatic apoB-100 secretion. Hepatic triglyceride productio...

Background-—Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder, and several studies have demonstrated a positive association between plasma serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and cardiovascular disease risk. The aim of the study was to examine whether SAA has a role in atherogenesis, the underlying basis of most cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results-—Mice globally deficient in acute-phase isofo...

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) at the cell surface and is internalized as a complex with the LDLR. In the acidic milieu of the sorting endosome, PCSK9 remains bound to the LDLR and prevents the LDLR from folding over itself to adopt a closed conformation. As a consequence, the LDLR fails to recycle back to the cell memb...

Circadian (i.e. 24-hour) rhythms regulate much of our physiology, a under HFD compared to Ldlr −/− single mutants under entrained regulation that is supported by rhythmicity in individual cells of the body. Maintenance of cellular rhythms as well as proper coordination of circadian clocks across different tissues is increasingly recognized to be important for metabolic health and in disease pre...

OBJECTIVE Insulin-resistant states, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, contribute substantially to accelerated atherogenesis. Null mutations of myostatin (Mstn) are associated with increased muscle mass and decreased fat mass. In this study, we determined whether Mstn disruption could prevent the development of insulin resistance, proatherogenic dyslipidemia, and atherogenesis. RESEARCH DES...

Multiple studies suggest increased conversion of cholesterol to bile acids by cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) protects against dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. CYP7A1 expression is repressed by the sequential activity of two nuclear hormone receptors, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer partner (SHP). Here we demonstrate 129 strain SHP(-/-) mice are protected against hyper...

INTRODUCTION Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a clinical syndrome characterised by elevated serum total cholesterol (TCHOL) levels due to an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, by tendon xanthomata and clinical manifestations of ischaemic heart disease in early life. Typically, it results from mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene. So far, more t...

Elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is considered as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Because the hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR) uptakes plasma lipoproteins and lowers plasma LDL cholesterol, the activation of LDLR is a promising drug target for atherosclerosis. In the present study, we identified the naturally occurring alkaloid piperine, as an inducer of LDLR gene express...