The prenatal hormonal environment plays an important role in organizing sex differences in the morphology, physiology and behavior of humans as well as other vertebrates. Currently, all related research on rodents has been focused on Myomorpha. This study presents data on sex differences in the anogenital distance (AGD) and the ratio of the second to the fourth digit length (2D:4D) from 44 wild...

INTRODUCTION The second to fourth-digit-ratio (2D:4D), a putative marker of prenatal androgen action and a sexually dimorphic trait, has been suggested to be related with fitness and sports performance, although results are not univocal. Most studies however focus on a single aspect of physical fitness or one sports discipline. METHODS In this study the 2D:4D ratio of 178 adolescent girls (ag...

در این پژوهش، برای نخستین بار کشور، جداسازی لیزری ایزوتوپ C13 از راه گسست چندفوتونی ایزوتوپ- گزین مولکول‌های گاز HCl2CF مقیاس آزمایشگاهی به انجام رسید. کار، تپ‌های یک لیزر 2TEA CO کوک‌پذیر که با برش­گر پلاسمایی کوتاه‌سازی شده‌اند، شاریدگی 2J/cm 50 درون اتاقک تابش‌دهی کانونی شدند. تابش‌‌دهی نیز فشار mbar 10-20 نسبت‌های HCl: He2CF برابر 1:5 و 1:10 پر شده بود. نشان داده شد فراوانی فرآورده‌ی 4F2C ک...

The ratio between the 2nd and 4th fingers (2D:4D)-a potential proxy for prenatal testosterone (T) exposure-shows a sex difference, with males usually having lower mean values; the latter potentially indicates higher prenatal T exposure. We studied relations between 2D:4D and competencies in the domains of counting, number knowledge, and visual-number representation in 73 children aged 6-11 year...

Recent evidence suggests that the ratio of the lengths of the second and fourth fingers (2D:4D) may reflect degree of prenatal androgen exposure in humans. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that 2D:4D would be associated with ratings of men's attractiveness and with levels of behavioral displays during social interactions with potential mates. Our results confirm that male 2D:4D wa...

There is evidence that the ratio of the length of the 2nd and 4th digit (2D:4D) is negatively related to prenatal and adult concentrations of testosterone. It has also been reported that high levels of testosterone at conception in both fathers and mothers are associated with an increased sex ratio (proportion of males at birth). It follows from these observations that low values of 2D:4D may b...

BACKGROUND Identification of prenatal ventriculoarterial connections in fetuses with conotruncal anomalies (CTA) remains one of the greatest challenges for sonographers performing screening examinations. Herein, we propose a novel protocol of 4D volume analysis that identifies ventriculoarterial connections and evaluate its clinical utility in routine screenings. METHODS Twenty-nine cases of ...

Preliminary evidence suggests that within-sex individual variation in the length ratio of the index finger to the ring finger (2D:4D), a putative marker of prenatal androgen levels, may be more strongly or consistently related to implicit measures (Implicit Association Test, IAT) than to corresponding explicit (self-report) measures of candidate personality traits. The underlying logic is that ...

BACKGROUND The aetiology of apparently sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is unknown, but prenatal factors are known to influence disease development. In both men and women, motor neurons require testosterone for survival and axonal regeneration after injury, and androgen insensitivity leads to a form of motor neuron degeneration in men. Reduction in the ratio of index to ring finger ...