Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined in 100 strains of Vibrio isolated from the Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp and identified phenotypically. A high antibiotic-resistance index (75%) was observed, with the following phenotypic profiles: monoresistance (n = 42), cross-resistance to β-lactams (n = 20) and multiple resistance (n = 13). Plasmid resistance was characterized for penicilli...

There is a debate on whether invertebrates possess an antiviral immunity similar to the interferon (IFN) system of vertebrates. The Vago gene from arthropods encodes a viral-activated secreted peptide that restricts virus infection through activating the JAK-STAT pathway and is considered to be a cytokine functionally similar to IFN. In this study, the first crustacean IFN regulatory factor (IR...

In response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the signaling pathway termed unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated. To investigate the role of UPR in Litopenaeus vannamei immunity, the activating transcription factor 4 (designated as LvATF4) which belonged to a branch of the UPR, the [protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase, (PERK)]-[eukaryotic initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2α)...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play an important role in regulating both adaptive and innate immunity. Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is the most widely farmed crustacean species in the world. However, little is known about the role miRNAs play in shrimp immunity. To understand the impact of viral infection on miRNA expression in shrimp, we used high-throughput sequencing technolo...

Three isotrypsins from digestive gland of Penaeus vannamei were purified and characterized by molecular, biochemical and kinetic parameters. Purified isotrypsins A, B, and C are glycoproteins with molecular masses between 30.2 and 32.9 kDa, and, therefore similar to other trypsins. The isoelectric points are anionic and different among the three isotrypsins: pH 3.5 for isotrypsin A, pH 3.0 for ...

In this study, the tail muscle microbiota of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) sourced from five countries across Central and South America and Southeast Asia were determined and compared. The genomic DNA was sequenced at around 10 × coverage for each geographical location and was assembled de novo for comparative analysis. The assembled sequences for all the lines were classified bas...

In this study, we identified a variable region in the C-terminus of hemocyanin from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (2288-2503bp, HcSC) by sequence alignments. A total of 13 SNPs were identified by PCR-SSCP and HcSC clone sequencing. The SSCP patterns of HcSC could be modulated in Vibro parahaemolyticus-treated shrimps. A novel SSCP band with four SNP sites was identified in V. parahaemolyticus...