Digestion of reconstituted complexes of 16 S RNA and ribosomal protein S4 with pancreatic ribonuclease, followed by resolution of the products on polyacrylamide gels of low ionic strength, gives rise to a protected ribonucleoprotein fragment with a mobility of 7 S. Fingerprinting of the RNA moiety indicates the presence of sequences covering the 5' one-third of the 16 S RNA. After its extractio...

BACKGROUND The third and fourth heart sound (S3 and S4) are two abnormal heart sound components which are proved to be indicators of heart failure during diastolic period. The combination of using diastolic heart sounds with the standard ECG as a measurement of ventricular dysfunction may improve the noninvasive diagnosis and early detection of myocardial ischemia. METHODS In this paper, an a...

We prospectively studied 196 consecutive survivors of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) not associated with acute myocardial infarction and 46 consecutive, control patients without prior ventricular arrhythmias. Programmed stimulation included two extrastimuli (S3 protocol) in all patients and three extrastimuli (S4 protocol) in the last 140 study patients and in all control patient...

Tularemia is a debilitating febrile illness caused by the category A biodefense agent Francisella tularensis. This pathogen infects over 250 different hosts, has a low infectious dose, and causes high morbidity and mortality. Our understanding of the mechanisms by which F. tularensis senses and adapts to host environments is incomplete. Polyamines, including spermine, regulate the interactions ...

Kv7 potassium channels whose mutations cause cardiovascular and neurological disorders are members of the superfamily of voltage-gated K(+) channels, comprising a central pore enclosed by four voltage-sensing domains (VSDs) and sharing a homologous S4 sensor sequence. The Kv7.1 pore-forming subunit can interact with various KCNE auxiliary subunits to form K(+) channels with very different gatin...

The S4 transmembrane segments of voltage-gated ion channels move outward on depolarization, initiating a conformational change that opens the pore, but the mechanism of S4 movement is unresolved. One structural model predicts sequential formation of ion pairs between the S4 gating charges and negative charges in neighboring S2 and S3 transmembrane segments during gating. Here, we show that pair...

Different Francisella spp. produce five or six predicted acid phosphatases (AcpA, AcpB, AcpC, AcpD, HapA and HapB). The genes encoding the histidine acid phosphatases (hapA, hapB) and acpD of F. tularensis subsp. Schu S4 strain are truncated or disrupted. However, deletion of HapA (FTT1064) in F. tularensis Schu S4 resulted in a 33% reduction in acid phosphatase activity and loss of the four fu...

A sodium channel is composed of four similar domains, each containing a highly charged S4 helix that is driven outward (activates) in response to a depolarization. Functionally, the channel has two gates, called activation gate (a gate) and inactivation gate (I gate), both of which must be open for conduction to occur. The cytoplasmically located a gate opens after a depolarization has activate...

For simplicity, we use the following convention: i, i1, i2, j, j1, j2, k, m, n, t denote natural numbers, D denotes a non empty subset of E2 T, E denotes a compact non vertical non horizontal subset of E2 T, C denotes a compact connected non vertical non horizontal subset of E2 T, G denotes a Go-board, p, q, x denote points of E2 T, and r, s denote real numbers. The following propositions are t...