objective: survey of molecular characterization of nucleoprotein gene of h9n2 avian influenza viruses and determination of the genetic relationship of iranian h9n2 viruses and other asian viruses. materials and methods: the nucleoprotein (np) genes from 4 isolates of h9n2 viruses isolated from commercial chickens in iran during 2008-2009 were amplified by rt-pcr method and sequenced. nucleotid...

* We're greatly indebted to Michael Zenzen for many valuable discussions about the P=?NP problem and digital physics. Though the two arguments herein establishing P=NP are for weal or woe Bringsjord's, Taylor's astute objections catalyzed crucial refinements.

The present paper proves that P = NP. The proof, presented in this paper, is a constructive one: The program of a polynomial time deterministic multi-tape Turing machine M ∃AcceptingP ath, which determines if there exists an accepting computation path of a polynomial time non-deterministic single-tape Turing machine M

The question of whether the class of decision problems that can be solved by deterministic polynomial-time algorithms (P ) is equal to the class of decision problems that can be solved by nondeterministic polynomial-time algorithms (NP) has been open since it was first formulated by Cook, Karp, and Levin in 1971. In this paper, we prove that they are not equal by showing that any algorithm that...

In 1955, John Nash sent a remarkable letter to the National Security Agency, in which— seeking to build theoretical foundations for cryptography—he all but formulated what today we call the P ? = NP problem, considered one of the great open problems of science. Here I survey the status of this problem in 2017, for a broad audience of mathematicians, scientists, and engineers. I offer a personal...

Background This study aimed to assess the protective effects of saturejakhuzistanica (SJKH) on sperm quality parameters in the Nonyl phenol (NP) - treated mice. MaterialsAndMethods In present experimental study, 32 young adult male mice (8-12 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups including control and test groups. The control group received corn oil orally, and the test groups were trea...