rRNA is essential for life because of its functional importance in protein synthesis. The rRNA (rrn) operon encoding 16S, 23S, and 5S rRNAs is located on the "main" chromosome in all bacteria documented to date and is frequently used as a marker of chromosomes. Here, our genome analysis of a plant-associated alphaproteobacterium, Aureimonas sp. AU20, indicates that this strain has its sole rrn ...

Today wireless data communication is growing rapidly. In particular, multimedia and Internet communication by wireless systems are the most popular services. Also, the architecture of wireless networks is varying to provide such services better. In this paper, we review UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) focusing on the RLC (Radio Link Control) sub-layer, its error recovery mechanism...

This paper investigates the effect of the Radio Link Control (RLC) operation modes for different types of UMTS traffic over a Satellite High Speed Downlink Packet Access (SHSDPA) air interface. Satellite Systems are expected to complement the terrestrial access network and work with the same core network. The geostationary bent-pipe satellite has been considered for this work. The transmission ...

Mechanisms of the actomyosin ATPase modulation via the myosin light chains (LC) in various myosin types are discussed. The essential LC increase the stability of the myosin heavy chains (HC) in the myosin heads and, under certain conditions, they can affect the degree of interaction of HC with actin. The regulatory LC (RLC) are sensitive to calcium binding on specific sites or to calcium activa...

When TCP is carried over 3G links, overbuffering and buffer overflow at the RLC layer degrades its performance. AQM techniques at the RLC buffer can bring noticeable enhancements to TCP performance without introducing changes in 3G specifications. We show that the optimum parameter setting of AQM algorithms in RLC buffers is strongly related to the radio bearer rate, which can be changed dynami...

Most of the encoding methods proposed in recent years have dealt with only RC modeled VLSI interconnects. For deep submicron technologies (DSM), on-chip inductive effects have increased due to faster clock speeds, smaller signal rise times and longer length of on-chip interconnects. All these issues raise the concern for crosstalk, propagation delay and power dissipation of overall. Therefore, ...

Several synthesis procedures for realizing reduced mathematical models into RLC circuits are presented. The approaches are compared in terms of: quality of approximation , preservation of structure and sparsity and applicability to Multi-Input-Multi-Output systems. 1. Introduction. An emerging problem in simulation of VLSI circuits is that of model reduction for the interconnect. Advanced passi...

In this paper, we describe a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) OPNET simulation model and the implementation of the Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control (RLC/MAC) and the Base Station Subsystem GPRS protocol (BSSGP). The RLC/MAC and BSSGP protocols are added to an existing GPRS OPNET model. We have enhanced the existing model by implementing unacknowledged mode of RLC and two phase access...

Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) phosphorylates smooth muscle myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) to initiate contraction. We used a tamoxifen-activated, smooth muscle-specific inactivation of MLCK expression in adult mice to determine whether MLCK was differentially limiting in distinct smooth muscles. A 50% decrease in MLCK in urinary bladder smooth muscle had no e...