Introduction: The present study investigated the role of the Basolateral Amygdala (BLA) N-methyl-D-aspartate  (NMDA) receptors in stress-induced spatial memory disturbance among the male Wistar rats. Methods: The male Wistar rats (Average weight =200 g) were cannulated bilaterally in the BLA, and entered the study (n=6-8) after one week. They received seven electro–foot-shock stress sessions o...

Antenna pigments are biopolymers which contain several dye molecules which act as light absorber and energy transmitter (for reviews, see refs. [ 1,2]). Among these antennas, the biliproteins are probably the best characterized systems to date. They contain bile-pigment chromophores which are covalently bound to the apoproteins. The conformation of the polymer chain [ 31 and the chromophore str...

We present a compact method to provide independent weighted interconnections between every pixel in a two-dimensional input array and every pixel in a two-dimensional output array. The two input dimensions and two output dimensions are connected by a four-dimensional weight matrix consisting of wavelength-multiplexed volume holograms that use cryogenic spectral hole burning in a single holograp...

We report fabrication and characterization of a Tm:Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguide, single mode around 800 nm wavelength, in view of photon-echo quantum memory applications. In particular, roomand low-temperature properties were investigated via loss and absorption measurements, spectral hole burning, photon echo, and Stark spectroscopy.

Burning agricultural straw before and/or after harvest is a common farming practice. Regional and extensive agricultural open field straw burning can cause serious air pollution events. This paper looks at the effects of biomass burning emission on regional haze that should be considered in the forecasting of regional haze. It describes the current state of crop residue burning in China, and an...

We develop a perturbation theory for calculating the effects of saturation on nondegenerate four-wave mixing between short optical pulses in a semiconductor optical amplifier. Saturation due to ultrafast intraband dynamics like carrier heating and spectral hole burning is found to be important for pulses on the order of 10–20 ps or less.

All-Optical Re-amplification and Re-shaping (2R) exploiting spectral shift induced by Self-Phase-Modulation (SPM) in a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) is presented. Theoretical model taking into account Carrier Density (CD), Carrier Heating (CH) and Spectral Hole Burning (SHB) is experimentally validated using 3 ps optical pulses.