The development and progression of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is closely related to bladder inflammation. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is associated with bladder inflammation in BPS/IC. We investigated the effect of specific inhibition of ICAM-1 using an anti-ICAM-1 antibody (AIA) on bladder inflammation in a rat model of severe non-bacterial cystitis (NB...

The purpose of the present studies was to examine the renal distribution and functional properties of Na(+)-HCO(3)(-) cotransporter type 4 (NBC4), the latest NBC isoform to be identified. Zonal distribution studies in rat kidney by Northern blot hybridization and RT-PCR demonstrated that NBC4 is highly abundant in the outer medulla and cortex but is low in the inner medulla. Nephron segment dis...

Our group recently cloned the electrogenic Na+-HCO-3 cotransporter (NBC) from salamander kidney and later from mammalian kidney. Here we report cloning an NBC isoform (hhNBC) from a human heart cDNA library. hhNBC is identical to human renal NBC (hkNBC), except for the amino terminus, where the first 85 amino acids in hhNBC replace the first 41 amino acids of hkNBC. About 50% of the amino acid ...

Valentine's (Valentine T. Q J Exp Psychol 1991;43A:161-204) face recognition framework supports both a norm-based coding (NBC) and an exemplar-only, absolute coding, model (ABC). According to NBC; (1) faces are represented in terms of deviations from a prototype or norm; (2) caricatures are effective because they exaggerate this norm deviation information; and (3) other-race faces are coded rel...

Cholinergic agents are known to affect the epithelial transport of H2O and electrolytes in the kidney. In proximal tubule cells, cholinergic agonists increase basolateral Na-HCO(3) cotransport activity via M(1) muscarinic receptor activation. The signaling intermediates that couple these G protein-coupled receptors to cotransporter activation, however, are not well defined. We therefore sought ...

Highly coercive Sm-Co-based permanent magnets have been achieved through simple modification of binary Sm12Co88 alloys with Nb, C or combined Nb and C at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 atomic percent processed via rapid solidification. Melt spinning at 40 m/s resulted in the formation of the metastable TbCu7-type structure in all alloys. While the unalloyed, as-solidified Sm12Co88 alloy di...

Our study compared different estimates of adult mosquito abundance (Pupal Demographic Survey [PDS], Human Landing Collection [HLC], Number of Bites declared by Citizens during interviews [NBC]) to the mean number of eggs laid in ovitraps. We then calculated a disease risk threshold in terms of number of eggs per ovitrap above which an arbovirus epidemic may occur. The study was conducted during...

The composition of co-precipitated and collocated NbC carbide precipitates, Fe3C iron carbide (cementite), and Cu-rich precipitates are studied experimentally by atom-probe tomography (APT). The Cu-rich precipitates located at a grain boundary (GB) are also studied. The APT results for the carbides are supplemented with computational thermodynamics predictions of composition at thermodynamic eq...

A Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBC) is located in the basolateral membrane of the gastrointestinal epithelium, where it imports HCO(3)(-) during stimulated anion secretion. Having previously demonstrated secretagogue activation of NBC in murine colonic crypts, we now asked whether vesicle traffic and exocytosis are involved in this process. Electrogenic NBCe1-B was expressed at significantly ...

This study examines the extent to which the major dimensions of the cranial base (maximum length, maximum breadth, and flexion) interact with brain volume to influence major proportions of the neurocranium and face. A model is presented for developmental interactions that occur during ontogeny between the brain and the cranial base and neurocranium, and between the neurobasicranial complex (NBC...