Swiss needle cast (SNC) is a fungal disease of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) that has recently become prevalent in coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest. We used growth measurements and stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in tree-rings of Douglas-fir and a non-susceptible reference species (western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla) to evaluate their use as proxies for variation in past SNC i...

Building structures made from fir wood are often attacked by wood-destroying insects for which the terpenes it contains serve as attractants. One of the possibilities for extending the lifetime of structures is to use older wood with a lower content of terpenes and/or thermally modified wood. The study evaluated the levels of terpenes in naturally aged fir wood (108, 146, 279, 287 and 390 years...

The designing method of folded finite-impulse response (FIR) filter on pipelined array based multiplier arrays is presented in this paper. The design is considered at the bit-level of the pipelined multiplier array and internal delays are fully exploited in order to reduce power consumption and hardware complexity, transposed FIR filter forms is considered. The proposed schemes are compared as ...

Multiple constant multiplication scheme is the most effective common sub expression sharing technique which is used for implementing the transposed FIR filters. Ripple carry operation allows adder tree to minimize hardware cost, unfortunately it detriment timing and gives low speed operation. To outperform this high speed adder is proposed and analyzed for real time speech signal applications. ...

Climate change provides new challenges to Nordic forestry. Use of non-native species, such as Douglas fir, can be a means of mitigating the effects of climate change and meeting the growing demand for biomass. When Douglas fir is grown in Sweden, it is several degrees of latitude north of its normal range, which can affect timing of growth cessation, hardening of seedlings, and seedling storabi...

This paper proposes a design of low power and low delay digital finite-impulse response (FIR) filter. Nowadays, there are many portable applications requiring low power and high throughput than ever before. Thus, low power system design has become a significant performance goal. The Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter is the important component for designing an efficient digital signal process...

We investigated ecophysiological and growth responses of short (0.4 to 1.3 m in height) advance regeneration of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea L.) six years after removal of 0, 40, 50, 60 and 100% of the overstory basal area (BA) in two yellow birch-conifer stands. Partial cuts significantly increased stomatal conductance of red spruce only. Light-saturated photo...

Fuzzy Inductive Reasoning (FIR) is a qualitative inductive modeling and simulation methodology for dealing with dynamical systems. It has proven to be a powerful tool for qualitative model identi cation and prediction of future behavior of various kinds of dynamical systems, especially from the soft sciences, such as biology, biomedicine, and ecology. This paper focuses on modeling aspects of t...

This paper aims at studying the various algorithms available in literature for the design of FIR filters. It further aims at to reduce the complexity of FIR filters. This complexity can be dominated by the number of adders or subtractors. Thus, it is important to reduce the numbers of adders or subractors for hardware efficient FIR

One of the efficient and most popular technique for designing sharp 1-D linear phase FIR filters is the Frequency Response Masking (FRM) approach. It is an effective method for the design of high speed , low power, sharp FIR digital filters with a small number of non-zero coefficients. Very recently, a modified McClellan transformation(T1 and T2) is proposed (JieCherng Liu and Yang-Lung Tai, 20...