This paper explores the nature of reciprocity between workers and pensioners, starting from observation that what pensioners consume has mostly to be produced by younger workers, therefore in some form is inherent. The opening section argues a worker can try arrange consumption retirement (a) storing current production or (b) building claims on future production. However, (the squirrels model) ...

An identity links the rate of economic growth, the speed of poverty reduction and changes in the distribution of income during some time period in a given country. A few authors used that identity to understand the causes for observed changes in poverty and to identify the exact role of economic growth in poverty reduction. Yet, many empirical cross-country studies of the relationship between g...

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether endogenous factor(s) contributes to the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) during the early developmental stages of rat skeletal muscles. HSP72 was expressed in both the soleus and plantaris muscles at embryonic day 22 (E22). On the basis of myosin heavy chain (MHC) immunohistochemistry, HSP72 was specifically expressed in slow typ...

We observed highly efficient generation of electron-hole pairs due to impact excitation in single-walled carbon nanotube p-n junction photodiodes. Optical excitation into the second electronic subband E22 leads to striking photocurrent steps in the device I-V(SD) characteristics that occur at voltage intervals of the band-gap energy E(GAP)/e. Spatially and spectrally resolved photocurrent combi...

Abstract. In the current conditions investment is an important basis for development of many levels economic system and can be considered as a driver country`s development. They are necessary to increase production rate, modernize complex, diversify economy. Assessment attractiveness means optimal achievement goals, which ensures performance function management mechanism. The individual country...

This article adds technology choice to a free-entry Cournot model with linear demand and constant marginal costs. Firms can choose from a discrete set of technologies. This simple framework yields non-existence of equilibrium, existence of multiple equilibria and equilibria in which ex-ante identical ̄rms choose di®erent technologies as possible outcomes. I provide a full characterization of th...