Changing of principal σ factor in RNA polymerase holoenzyme to a group 2 σ factor redirects transcription when cyanobacteria acclimate to suboptimal environmental conditions. The group 2 sigma factor SigB was found to be important for the growth of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in high-salt (0.7 m NaCl) stress but not in mild heat stress at 43°C although the expression of the si...

The immune response to Helicobacter pylori involves different mechanisms that are both protective and damaging to the host. The innate and the adaptive immune responses lead to inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory responses, allowing for persistence of many infections. Thus, developing new therapeutics and effective vaccines against H. pylori has proven to be arduous. Despite many immunisa...

Hereditary Tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is a metabolic liver disease caused by genetic defects of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH), an enzyme necessary to complete the breakdown of tyrosine. The severe hepatic dysfunction caused by the lack of this enzyme is prevented by the therapeutic use of NTBC (2-[2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl] cyclohexane-1,3-dione). However despite the treatment, chr...

Current EDGE peak data rates of 300 kbps cannot cope with the data rates of 7.2 Mbps provided by WCDMA/HSPA networks. Still, the enormous GSM/EDGE subscriber base motivates mobile operators to continue investing in network upgrades to provide higher data rates at minimum cost. EDGE Evolution, also standardized by 3GPP, consists of a subset of features which allow to quadruple the downlink data ...

Mobile network traffic is growing rapidly, and service providers must manage their networks efficiently to meet consumer demand. Mobile data offloading is the use of complementary network technologies for delivering data originally targeted for cellular networks. Access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) is the most complete 3GPP approach to date for controlling offloading between...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that facilitate the proper folding and assembly of nascent polypeptides and assist in the refolding and stabilization of damaged polypeptides. Through these largely intracellular functions, the HSPs maintain homeostasis and assure cell survival. However, a growing body of literature suggests that HSPs have important effects in the extracellula...

In this article, compliance boundaries and allowed output powers are determined for the front, back, and side of multiple-frequency base station antennas, based on the root-mean-squared electric field, the whole-body averaged specific absorption rate (SAR), and the 10 g averaged SAR in both the limbs and the head and trunk. For this purpose, the basic restrictions and reference levels defined b...

Deployment of intermediate relay nodes in cellular networks, e,g, UMTS/ HSPA, has been proposed for service enhancement, which is of particular importance for uplink users at the cell edge suffering from low power capacity and relatively poor channel conditions. In this paper, we propose and investigate a number of uplink packet scheduling schemes deploying the relay functionality in different ...

Helicobacter pylori infection occurs within families but the transmission route is unknown. The use of stool specimens to genotype strains facilitates inclusion of complete families in transmission studies. Therefore, we aimed to use DNA from stools to analyze strain diversity in H. pylori infected families. We genotyped H. pylori strains using specific biprobe qPCR analysis of glmM, recA and h...

Mobile Internet access networks are not designed to support real-time data traffic because of several drawbacks concerning the wireless medium such as resource sharing, traffic congestion, radio link coverage etc., which impact directly such parameters as delay, jitter, and packet loss rate that are strictly connected to the quality of user experience. While in a fixed network scenario the gap ...