The stoichiometric relationship of ATP production to oxygen consumption, i.e. the P/O ratio, varies depending on the nature of the metabolic substrate used. The latest estimates reveal a P/O ratio approximately 15% higher when glucose is oxidized compared with fatty acid oxidation. Because the energy required to produce aerodynamic lift for hovering is independent of the metabolic fuel oxidized...

Do negative quantifiers like "few" reduce people's ability to rapidly evaluate incoming language with respect to world knowledge? Previous research has addressed this question by examining whether online measures of quantifier comprehension match the "final" interpretation reflected in verification judgments. However, these studies confounded quantifier valence with its impact on the unfolding ...

Common genetic variation Q192R in the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene has been considered to be implicated in the development of many cancers. Nevertheless, results from the related studies were inconsistent. To elucidate the association, we performed a meta-analysis for 8,112 cases and 10,037 controls from 32 published case-control studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were ...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Drinking large amounts of water is often recommended for weight control. Whether water intake stimulates energy and fat metabolism is, however, controversial with some studies reporting that drinking half a litre or more of water increases resting energy expenditure (REE) by 10-30% and decreases respiratory quotient (RQ), whereas others report no significant changes in REE...

INTRODUCTION A prerequisite to accurate interpretation of RQ-PCR data is robust data normalization. A commonly used method is to compare the cycle threshold (CT) of target miRNAs with those of a stably expressed endogenous (EC) miRNA(s) from the same sample. Despite the large number of studies reporting miRNA expression patterns, comparatively few appropriate ECs have been reported thus far. Th...

The Romberg test generally shows that postural stability is better with eyes open than eyes closed; the Romberg quotient (RQ) is generally 2.5. This study examines the possible role of vergence angle on the RQ. Eighteen young (25.3+/-2.7 years) and 17 old (61.6+/-4.4 years) subjects were required to fixate a target at 40 cm or at 200 cm inducing different vergence angle (i.e. 8.6 degrees and 1....

begin{abstract} The relations between the spectrum of the matrix $Q+R$ and the spectra of the matrices $(gamma + delta)Q+(alpha + beta)R-QR-RQ$, $QR-RQ$, $alpha beta R-QRQ$, $alpha RQR-(QR)^{2}$, and $beta R-QR$ have been given on condition that the matrix $Q+R$ is diagonalizable, where $Q$, $R$ are ${alpha, beta}$-quadratic matrix and ${gamma, delta}$-quadratic matrix, respectively, of ord...

The absolute change in the Rayleigh quotient (RQ) is bounded in this paper in terms of the norm of the residual and the change in the vector. If x is an eigenvector of a self-adjoint bounded operator A in a Hilbert space, then the RQ of the vector x, denoted by (x), is an exact eigenvalue of A. In this case, the absolute change of the RQ j(x) (y)j becomes the absolute error for an eigenvalue (x...