Objective: This study was aimed at investigating the immunoregulatory effects of trypanosomal lipophosphoglycan (LPG) anchored to trypanosome membranes, including formation neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and cytokine release after parasite infection. The interaction cell surface TLR receptors with LPG, which signals cellular responses during Trypanosma brucei infection, systematically in...

In a long period grating (LPG) made on a silica-based single material photonic crystal fibre (PCF), the effect of material dispersion on the resonance wavelength of the LPG is negligible. The resonance wavelength, the period and length of the LPG, and the diameter and pitch of the air-hole lattice of the PCF are found to obey a scaling law that is derived from the scaling property of the Maxwel...

Transmission characteristics of periodically surface-corrugated long-period gratings (LPGs) inscribed on photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) using a wet-etching technique were experimentally investigated. A conventional wet method was implemented to periodically engrave the silica cladding region of the PCFs resulting in the periodic surface corrugation in the PCF. After applying the external strain...

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the resonant wavelength of long period fiber gratings (LPG) could be shifted in a large magnitude by coating only nm-thick thin-film whose refractive index is higher than that of the glass cladding. The resonant wavelength shift results from either the variation of the thickness of the film and/or the variation of the refractive index of the...

The practice of inhaling liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to commit suicide is uncommon and almost exclusively a prerogative of the prison population. Numerous cases of sudden deaths caused by intentional propane and/or butane inhalation have been described, but these cases survived and a description of the consequences is very rare. We describe a prisoner who survived after voluntary inhalation o...

For decades, governments and aid agencies have disseminated millions of improved cooking devices and fuels to address a variety of environmental, health, and livelihood issues in the developing world. This paper is an ethnographic case study of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstove intervention by a community-based organization, Jagriti, to disseminate LPGs to hill women in the Indian state...

steam reforming is one of the most important processes for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels such as lpg and has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency and economy. in this study, the lpg steam reforming reaction was investigated on nickel catalysts supported on four various zeolites (h-y, na-y, hzsm5 and ferrierite). the catalytic tests were performed in a tubular fixed be...