Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy (PEC) was first described in 1986, by Jeffrey Ponski [1], who had invented percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy a few years before that [2]. Performed by 2 operators, PEC consists of placing a tube in the colon during colonoscopy in order to provide antegrade colonic enemas (ACE) in severe constipation or fecal incontinence [3,4]. The PEC tube can also be used a...

Potential importance of electron cyclotron (EC) wave emission in the local electron power balance in the steady-state regimes of ITER operation suggested analyzing in more detail the accuracy of calculating the 1D distribution, over magnetic flux surfaces, of the net radiated power density, PEC(ρ). Recent comparison of numeric codes SNECTR, CYTRAN, CYNEQ and EXACTEC for different electron tempe...

BACKGROUND Honey, alone or in combination, has been used for wound healing since ancient times and has reemerged as a topic of interest in the last decade. Pectin has recently been investigated for its use in various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, skin protection, and scaffolding for cells. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a pectin-honey hydrogel (PHH) as...

AIM To investigate the acidogenic response of plaque with various European chocolates of varying cocoa contents. METHODS 14 subjects participated in the study. On each test day plaque pH measurements were taken at baseline and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes after challenge with the test chocolates or control foods. A plaque sample was removed from the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth re...

Biphenyl-2-yl-carbamic acid 1-{9-[(R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-5-yl)-ethylamino]-nonyl}-piperidin-4-yl ester (THRX-198321) is a single molecule composed of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist moiety, represented by the fragment MA, linked by a C9 polymethylene chain to a β(2)-adrenoceptor (β(2)AR) agonist moiety, represented by the fragment 8-hydroxy-...

The ability of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rH-TNF) alone or in combination with lymphokines (LK) to induce the in vitro activation of murine macrophages was evaluated. The treatment of C57BL/6 mouse resident peritoneal exÃodatecells (PEC) with rH-TNF and LK was found to induce the activation of macrophages to a tumoricidal state against P815 mastocytoma cells. Neither rH-TNF nor LK...

To investigate the role of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family in host defense against Toxoplasma gondii, we infected TLR2-, TLR4- and MyD88-deficient mice with the avirulent cyst-forming Fukaya strain of T. gondii. All TLR2- and MyD88-deficient mice died within 8 days, whereas all TLR4-deficient and wild-type mice survived after i.p. infection with a high dose of T. gondii. Peritoneal macropha...