Wireless sensor networks consist of sensor nodes which are expected to be battery-powered and are hard to replace or recharge. Thus, reducing the energy consumption of sensor nodes is an important design consideration in wireless sensor networks. For the implementation of an energy-efficient MAC protocol, a Sensor-MAC based on the IEEE 802.11 protocol, which has energy efficient scheduling, has...

LWT-MAC is a new Low Power Listening MAC protocol for WSNs designed to rapidly react to instantaneous increases of the network load. It takes advantage of overhearing by waking up all nodes at the end of a transmission to send or receive packets without needing to transmit the long preamble before. In this work, detailed analytical models of the LWT-MAC and B-MAC protocols, for both saturated a...

A cryptanalysis is given of a MAC proposal presented at CRYPTO 2003 by Cary and Venkatesan. A nice feature of the CaryVenkatesan MAC is that a lower bound on its security can be proved when a certain block cipher is modelled as an ideal cipher. Our attacks find collisions for the MAC and yield MAC forgeries, both faster than a straightforward application of the birthday paradox would suggest. F...

Computer forensic tools for Apple Mac hardware have traditionally focused on low-level file system details. Mac OS X and common applications on the Mac platform provide an abundance of information about the user’s activities in configuration files, caches, and logs. We have developed Mac MarshalTM, an extensible tool suite for the analysis of files on Mac OS X disk images. Mac Marshal provides ...

There exist a lot of medium access control (MAC) protocols for wireless sensor networks. However, they consider mainly energy efficiency rather than latency which is important in delay sensitive mobile sensor networks. Therefore, a new MAC protocol called MS-MAC is proposed suitable to both stationary and mobile sensor networks. MSMAC uses an adaptive frame structure improved for well known pro...

This paper introduces an energy-efficient Rate Adaptive MAC (RA-MAC) protocol for long-lived Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Previous research shows that the dynamic and lossy nature of wireless communication is one of the major challenges to reliable data delivery in a WSN. RA-MAC achieves high link reliability in such situations by dynamically trading off radio bit rate for signal processing ...

This paper introduces the design, implementation, and performance analysis of the scalable and mobility-aware hybrid protocol named boarder node medium access control (BN-MAC) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which leverages the characteristics of scheduled and contention-based MAC protocols. Like contention-based MAC protocols, BN-MAC achieves high channel utilization, network adaptability...

OBJECTIVE Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is degeneration of the fibrous annular ring of the mitral valve. Left atrial (LA) function and volume have been evaluated by many methods; however, none have used real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) in patients with MAC. Our study is the first to evaluate LA volume and mechanical function using RT3DE in patients with MAC. METHODS O...

Mitral annulus calcification (MAC) is a chronic, degenerative process in the fibrous base of the mitral valve. Although MAC was initially thought to be an age-related degenerative process, there is accumulating evidence that other mechanisms, such as atherosclerosis and abnormal calcium-phosphorus metabolism, also contribute to the development of MAC. Despite its frequency, the clinical relevan...