In the Shift Bribery problem, we are given an election (based on preference orders), a preferred candidate p, and a budget. The goal is to ensure p’s victory by shifting p higher in some voters’ preference orders. However, each such shift request comes at a price (depending on the voter and on the extent of the shift) and we must not exceed the given budget. We study the parameterized computati...

The task of accurately estimating the reaeration coefficient in oxygenmodeling studies remains a primary concern to researchers. In lotic systems the reaeration coefficient has been directly estimated by deoxygenating a parcel of water and measuring its DO as it travels downstream (Gameson et al. 1955); by measuring the loss of radioactive-gas tracers (Tsivoglou et al. 1965, 1968) or hydrocarbo...

The major source of carbon for starch synthesis in reserve tissues such as the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber is SUC. In the developing tuber, Suc is hydrolyzed principally by Suc synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) to UDP-Glc and Fru (Preiss, 1982). Fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.4) is believed to catalyze the phosphorylation of the Fru released to yield Fru-6-P. This sugar phosphate can then be used to suppo...

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، ساخت و اعتبار­سنجی سیاهه آسیب‌شناسی روانشناختی نوجوانان در فضای مجازی بود. روش: روش آمیخته اکتشافی (کیفی-کمی) بدین منظور با استفاده از تحلیل مضمون مقالات مصاحبه‌های انجام‌شده متخصصان فعال مجازی، آسیب­ ها شناسایی شدند بر اساس آن ­ای ساخته شد. جامعه آماری بخش کیفی شامل مقالات، اساتید دانشگاه­ های اراک، اصفهان، امام خمینی قزوین شهر اراک بودند که نمونه هدفمند آنها انتخاب کمی بو...

We study the control complexity of fallback voting. Like manipulation and bribery, electoral control describes ways of changing the outcome of an election; unlike manipulation or bribery attempts, control actions—such as adding/deleting/partitioning either candidates or voters— modify the participative structure of an election. Via such actions one can try to either make a favorite candidate wi...

In the Possible Winner problem in computational social choice theory, we are given a set of partial preferences and the question is whether a distinguished candidate could be made winner by extending the partial preferences to linear preferences. Previous work has provided, for many common voting rules, fixed parameter tractable algorithms for the Possible Winner problem, with number of candida...

The anal papillae of mosquito larvae are classic transporting epithelia that can absorb inorganic ions from extremely dilute external media. Since the original investigations of Wigglesworth (1933a,b,c) and Koch (1938) studies have been made of the ultrastructure of the papillae (Copeland, 1964; Sohal & Copeland, 1965; Meredith & Phillips, 1973a,6), of radio-cation fluxes (Treherne, 1954; Stobb...

We provide a dynamic model of natural resource management where the optimal institutional structure that governs resource use changes with resource depletion. Copeland and Taylor (2009) analyze how characteristics of a natural resource determine whether its steady-state management regime is open access, communal property, or private property. We extend this and other studies of endogenous insti...