The bacterial reaction center (RC), a membrane photosynthetic protein, has been adsorbed onto a glass surface by alternating deposition with the cationic polymer poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDDA) obtaining as an end result an ordinate polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) where the protein retains its integrity and photoactivity over a period of several months. Such a system has been cha...

The intermittency and variability of permeated distributed generators (DGs) could cause many critical security and economy risks to distribution systems. This paper applied a certain mathematical distribution to imitate the output variability and uncertainty of DGs. Then, four risk indices—EENS (expected energy not supplied), PLC (probability of load curtailment), EFLC (expected frequency of lo...

OBJECTIVE To assess the current status of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) in the high and low altitude preschool children aged 12-71 months. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted during the year of 2003 and involved 572 and 469 preschool children of Southwestern Saudi Arabia born and living permanently at high and low altitude areas. Anthropometric measurements were carried out to asses...

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a syndrome that often results in immunodeficiency coupled with pancytopenia. Hemopoietic tissue requires a high nutrient supply and the proliferation, differentiation and maturation of cells occur in a constant and balanced manner, sensitive to the demands of specific cell lineages and dependent on the stem cell population. In the present study, we evaluated...

Among a number of alternative energy sources, hydrogen is treated as one of the most promising candidates, due to the reason that it can be applied to a fuel cell as an input to provide electricity through an electrochemical reaction. On top of that, high conversion efficiency up to 40 to 60% is seen in a fuel cell. The first application of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell was as an a...

(1) Understanding the role of peroxide lead free radical attack on the polymer electrolyte at the interface with both anode and cathode electrodes using a specially designed PEM cell enabling accelerated degradation conditions simulating practical H2/Air PEM operation. In this effort the correlation was made with peroxide yield measured directly using RRDE methods with concomitant degradation o...

Background: Although small non-coding RNAs are mostly encoded by the nuclear genome, thousands of small non-coding RNAs encoded by the mitochondrial genome, termed as mitosRNAs were recently reported in human, mouse and trout. In this study, we first identified chicken mitosRNAs in breast muscle using small RNA sequencing method and the differential abundance was analyzed between modern pedigre...

A well-functioning public expenditure management system (PEM) is considered a critical pillar of government efficiency. This article discusses PEM systems in developing countries using an analytical framework based on principal-agent theory. This simple model can be applied to various PEM systems and allows for comparisons between institutional settings. To illustrate this, the authors analyse ...