This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) systems to carrier frequency offset (CFO) and timing offset. Although the emphasis of the paper is on the class of FBMC systems that are based on offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM), the developed results are found applicable to cosine modulated-based FBMC systems as well. We assume that coarse CFO and timin...

Cooperative Diversity Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (CD-OFDM) systems are very sensitive to synchronization errors. In CD-OFDM, synchronization is more complex because all cooperative nodes (CNs) have their own frequency oscillator and different channel path which results in different timing and carrier frequency offset (CFO) for each node. Consequently, each node has to be synchroni...

Carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation is a challenging task in Wi-MAX uplink as it uses orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) which demands extremely accurate frequency synchronization. In OFDMA uplink, each user may experience a different CFO relative to the base station reference carrier and the estimation of them turn out to be a multiple parameter estimation problem. In ...

We investigated the proton conductance of the channel portion of chloroplast ATP synthase (CFa). Thylakoids were CFi-depleted by EDTA treatment. Proton pumps were stimulated by short flashes of light. Proton flux through CFo was measured spectrophotometrically in three different ways: as proton efflux from the lumen (via neutral red), charge flow across the membrane (via electrochromism) and pr...

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) plays an important role in the implementation of high data rate communication. In this thesis, the problems of data detection and channel and carrier frequency offset estimation in OFDM systems are studied. Multi-symbol non-coherent data detection is studied which performs data detection by processing multiple symbols without the knowledge of th...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a parallel transmission method, where single data stream is separated into a number of lower rate subcarriers, and each carrier is orthogonal to all other carriers. One of the main problems for OFDM system is Carrier frequency offset (CFO). OFDM is sensitive to CFO, which spoils the orthogonality between the sub-carriers, and cause Inter-carr...

The spectrum detection performance of a matched filter (MF) in the presence of carrier frequency offset (CFO), phase noise (PN) and time offset is analyzed. Detection performance is derived theoretically and confirmed through simulation in the presence of CFO. The results have shown that in the presence of CFO, the MF may be outperformed by an energy detector (ED) over a range of CFO values. Th...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefit of customized foot orthoses (CFO) in improving dynamics of plantar loading quantified using the Regression Factor (RF) Index. RF index represents the similarity of the statistical distribution of the plantar pressure during stance phase with a Gaussian distribution. As the value increases positively so does the similarity between the pressur...

This article reviews proton intake, charge transfer and proton release by F-ATPases, based in part on flash spectrophotometric studies on the chloroplast ATPase in thylakoid membranes, CF1Fo. The synthesis-coupled translocation of charges by CF1Fo (maximum rate <1500 s-1) and the dissipative flow through its exposed channel portion, CFo (rate >10 000 s-1), are extremely proton-specific (selecti...

In time-domain synchronous (TDS)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, a pseudo noise (PN) sequence is inserted instead of the cyclic prefix. The PN sequence is used not only as a guard interval but also as a training sequence for channel estimation and synchronization in the time domain. Recently, research studies on 2 × 1 multi input-single output (MISO) TDS-OFDM systems ...