Proling Internet backbone trafc is becoming an increasingly hard problem since users and applications are avoiding detection using trafc obfuscation and encryption. The key question addressed here is: Is it possible to profile traffic at the backbone without relying on its packet and flow level information, which can be obfuscated? We propose a novel approach, called Proling-By-Association ...

We model an ATM virtual circuit as a tandem queueing system. At each queue, transmission of the virtual circuit traac is interrupted by cross traf-c, causing the scattering and coalescing of cells. We study this phenomenon using entropy as a traf-c descriptor. We compute the entropy of traac streams produced in simulation, via an estimation technique based on the Lempel-Ziv universal data compr...

TLRs (Toll-like receptors) are an important class of pathogen-sensing proteins, which signal the presence of a pathogen by activating transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB). The TLR pathway to NF-kappaB activation involves multiple phosphorylation and ubiquitination events. Notably, TRAF-6 [TNF (tumour necrosis factor)-receptor-associated factor-6] Lys(63) polyubiquiti...

NGF (nerve growth factor) binding to TrkA (tropomyosin receptor kinase A) induces dimerization, autophosphorylation and internalization of the receptor to signalling vesicles for delivery of differentiation signals. TrkA interacts with p75 receptor through the p62-TRAF-6 (tumour-necrosis-factor-receptor-associated factor 6) complex bridging the two receptors. The atypical protein kinase C is ac...

TANK/I-TRAF is a TRAF-binding protein that negatively regulates NF-kappaB activation. The underlying mechanism of this activity remains unclear. Here we show that TANK directly interacts with PLK1, a conserved cell cycle-regulated kinase. PLK1 inhibits NF-kappaB transcriptional activation induced by TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, or several activators, but not by nuclear transcription factor p65. PLK1 ex...

This paper presents a microprocessor adapter for ATM networks. transmission direction can be supported optionally by a traf®c shaper, which is responsible for adapting emitted traf®c to ATM network. The microprocessor adapter, which can be used in terminals or in interworking units and switches, implements basic functions of the lower layers of the ATM protocol reference model. It uses three ap...