One of the most common failure modes of strengthened RC beams with externally bonded FRP is intermediate crack (IC) debonding of FRP initiated at the tip of flexural/shear cracks. This study presents a method, using extended finite element method (XFEM), to model IC debonding in an FRP-strengthened concrete beam. In XFEM, as soon as a damage initiation criterion is reached in an element, additi...

This paper provides a review of some of the progress in the area of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP)-strengthening of columns for several loading scenarios including impact load. The addition of FRP materials to upgrade deficiencies or to strengthen structural components can save lives by preventing collapse, reduce the damage to infrastructure, and the need for their costly replacement. The ret...

Many studies on fiber reinforced polymer composite bars, as a substitute for reinforcing bars, have been conducted to solve corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete structures since 1960s’. However, FRP Bars have a lower elastic modulus than steel rebar as a structural component of concrete structures. Material properties with brittleness fracture and low elastic modulus can be improved by com...

[Purpose] This study evaluated the differences in the flexion-relaxation phenomenon (FRP) of the right and left erector spinae muscles in asymptomatic subjects and the effect of lumbar stabilization exercises on these differences. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-six participants (12 in the exercise group and 14 in the control group) with a difference in the FRP in the right and left erector spina...

The use of bonded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets for upgrade or repair of aging and deteriorating concrete structure has emerged as a viable and cost effective method. Previous research has identified several items that influence FRP-concrete bond strength including concrete strength, type of FRP laminate, the number of layers of the FRP laminate, and the bonding agent or epoxy saturant ...

Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) is an approach to reactive programming where systems are structured as networks of functions operating on signals. FRP is based on the synchronous data-flow paradigm and supports both continuous-time and discrete-time signals (hybrid systems). What sets FRP apart from most other languages for similar applications is its support for systems with dynamic stru...

Today the rapid growth of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) applications in the automotive and aerospace industry has motivated many researches to perform life-cycle analyses of FRP structures. While its strength-to-weight ratio outperforms conventional metals, FRP is inherently heterogeneous and experiences complex failure modes, thus making them challenging for structural analysis and design. As...

The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine was found to cause a dramatic increase in the free-running period (FRP) of circadian rhythms in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra, and its effect was similar when added at different phases of the circadian cycle. Chronic exposure to staurosporine lengthened the FRP by as much as 7 h without significantly affecting the amplitude or waveform of the b...

Effective application of FRP to concrete structure is not possible until a fundamental understanding of the mechanics and failure mechanisms of the retrofit system is available. This paper is mainly focused on developing a methodology for predicting the debonding failure caused by intermediate flexural cracks in FRP-strengthened R/C beam. Firstly, based on the strain compatibility, an iterative...

Fire parameter estimation is performed using data obtained quasi-simultaneously by the Hot Spot Recognition System (HSRS) on the experimental Bi-spectral InfraRed Detection (BIRD) satellite and the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) on EOS Terra. Compared with the higher spatial resolution BIRD data, MODIS can not detect small fires, which leads in some cases to an underesti...